Chapter Objectives

 Understand the concepts of normal and shear stress

 Analyze and design of members subjected on axial load
or shear

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In-class Activities
1. Check homework, if any
2. Reading Quiz
3. Applications
4. Normal Stress
5. Shear Stress
6. Concept Quiz

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READING QUIZ

1. What is the normal stress in the bar if P=10

kN and 500mm²?

a) 0.02 kPa

b) 20 Pa

c) 20 kPa

d) 200 N/mm²

e) 20 MPa

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READING QUIZ (cont)

2. What is the average shear stress in the

internal vertical surface AB (or CD), if
F=20kN, and AAB=ACD=1000mm²?

a) 20 N/mm²

b) 10 N/mm²

c) 10 kPa

d) 200 kN/m²

e) 20 MPa

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APPLICATIONS

Where does the average normal stress occur?

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APPLICATIONS (cont)

Will the total shear force over the anchor length be equal to
the total tensile force σtensile A in the bar?

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APPLICATIONS

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AVERAGE NORMAL STRESS

Will the total shear force over the anchor length be equal to
the total tensile force σtensile A in the bar?

P

A

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NORMAL SHEAR STRESS
Fx
 zx  lim
Fz A0 A
 z  lim
A0 A Fy
 zy  lim
A0 A

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EXAMPLE 1
The bar in Fig. 1–16a has a constant width of 35 mm and a
thickness of 10 mm. Determine the maximum average
normal stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading
shown.

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
• By inspection, different sections have different internal forces.

• Graphically, the normal force diagram is as shown.

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EXAMPLE 1 (cont)
Solutions
• By inspection, the largest loading is in region BC,

PBC  30 kN
• Since the cross-sectional area of the bar is constant, the largest
average normal stress is

 BC 
PBC

 
30 103
 85.7 MPa (Ans)
A  0.035 0.01

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DESIGN OF SIMPLE CONNECTION
• For normal force requirement

P
A
 allow

• For shear force requirement

V
A
 allow

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EXAMPLE 2
The rigid bar AB shown in Fig. 1–29a is supported by a steel
rod AC having a diameter of 20 mm and an aluminum block
having a cross sectional area of 1800mm2. The 18-mm-
diameter pins at A and C are subjected to single shear. If the
failure stress for the steel and aluminum    680 MPa is and st fail

   70 MPa respectively, and the failure shear stress for each

al fail

pin is   900 MPa , determine the largest load P that can be

fail

applied to the bar. Apply a factor of safety of FS=2.

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
• The allowable stresses are
 st  fail 680
 st  allow    340 MPa
F .S . 2
  al  fail 70
 al  allow    35 MPa
F .S . 2
 fail 900
 allow    450 MPa
F .S . 2

• There are three unknowns and we apply the equations of equilibrium,

  M B  0; P 1.25  FAC  2  0 (1)

  M A  0; FB  2   P 0.75  0 (2)

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
• We will now determine each value of P that creates the allowable stress
in the rod, block, and pins, respectively.

 
• For rod AC, FAC    st  allow  AAC   340106    0.01 2  106.8 kN

106.8 2  171 kN
• Using Eq. 1, P  1.25

• For block B, FB    al  allow AB  35106 1800106    63.0 kN

 63.0 2  168 kN
• Using Eq. 2, P  0.75

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EXAMPLE 2 (cont)
Solutions
 
• For pin A or C, V  FAC   allow A  450106    0.009 2  114.5 kN

114.5 2  183 kN
• Using Eq. 1, P 
1.25

• When P reaches its smallest value (168 kN), it develops the allowable
normal stress in the aluminium block. Hence,

P  168 kN (Ans)

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CONCEPT QUIZ

1) The thrust bearing is subjected to the loads

as shown. Determine the order of average
normal stress developed on cross section
through BC and D.

a) C>B>D

b) C>D>B

c) B>C>D

d) D>B>C

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