Heat

Lab 31 Terms
Δ (delta) means change
•

Subtract FINAL – INITIAL

•

• Temperature = average kinetic energy of

particles in a substance

• Measured with a thermometer

• Q means HEAT
measured in calories or Joules
• ΔQ means change in heat.

• HEAT
The flow of thermal energy from HIGH to
LOW temperature

Must be calculated
• calorie =
amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of water 1oC

• 1 calorie = 4.18 Joules

 Calorimeter
Styrofoam cup calorimeter
an insulated container where a reaction
can be performed and heat can be
calculated

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/howtosolveit/Thermodynamics/ThermoArt/Calorimeter.JPG
 Flip page over to
II. Heat Equation
ΔQ = m · c · ΔT
Heat = mass x heat capacity x change in temp
cal = g X cal X ºC
g ⋅ C

Find by taking T2 – T1
cal
c for water = 1 g ⋅ C

density of H2O = 1 g/ml

 m Try this:
100 ml of water warms from
10 ºC to 30 ºC. What is the heat gained?
T1
T2 ?
m = 100 g
ΔT = 30oC – 10oC = 20oC
cal
c = 1 g⋅ C


ΔQ = m · c · ΔT
cal
ΔQ = 100g · 1 g⋅ C · (20 ºC)


ΔQ = 2000 cal
Lab 31 Pre Lab Questions
m T1
If 10.00 g of water is changed from 70ºC to
T2 85ºC. What is the ΔQ (change in
heat)? ?
ΔQ = m · c · ΔT
cal
ΔQ = 10g · 1 g ⋅ C · (85 ºC - 70 ºC)

ΔQ = 150 cal
Lab 31 Pre Lab Questions

300 calories of heat is added to 100 ml of water at 20 ºC.

• What is the mass of water?
100g
• What is the ΔT of the water?

ΔQ = m · c · ΔT
cal
300
• What cal
would = 100g
the final · 1be?g⋅ C ·
temperature  ΔT
23
ΔTC =
o
3o C
Lab 31 Pre Lab Questions
m=?
• What mass of water is in a calorimeter if it
takes 1500 calories to heat it from
10 ºC to 65 ºC? ∆Q
T1 T2
∆Q = mc∆T

1 cal
1500 cal = m · 1 g · (65 ºC - 10 ºC)

m = 27.27 g
 Heat of Fusion
heat needed to melt 1 g of a solid.

Heat of Fusion = ΔQ
mice
For ice,
Heat of Fusion = 80 cal
g

http://www.skthew.com/upload/image/time_ice_melt
 Lab 32 Terms
Law of Conservation of Energy =

Energy is neither created nor

destroyed…Only Transferred.

Heat Lost = Heat Gained

• Exothermic =
a reaction that
releases heat…Feels
HOT!
Temp Rises
http://www2.uni-siegen.de/~pci/versuche/pics/exo4.jpg

• Endothermic =
a reaction that absorbs
heat…Feels COOL!
Temp Decreases

http://www.photospin.com/content/photos/thumb/PS012046.jpg
Lab 32: Heat of Crystallization
Heat is
Heat released
 Heat of Crystallization

Heat of Crystallization
Heat released as 1 g of a substance
crystallizes.
cal
For wax = 65 g
cal
For napthalene = 35.1 g
 Lab 33: Specific Heat Capacity
• Symbol: c

• heat needed to raise 1 g of substance 1oC

• Units:
cal
• cwater = 1 g⋅ C


• cAl = 0.21
• cCu = 0.09 cal
• cFe = 0.11
g⋅ C

 Review:
Which is holding more heat?

2L 2L
H2O at H2O at
50º C 90º C
 Examples:
Which is holding more heat?

2 L H2O
10 L H2O at at 50º C
50º C
 Examples:
Which is holding more heat?

2 kg H2O 2 kg gold
at 50º C at 50º C
 Lab 34
• “Error of the Air”
finish
30oC

assuming room temp is

about 20 ºC by starting 20oC
our experiments at 10 ºC
and finishing at 30 ºC we 10oC
start
can limit the error from
heat gained from the
room or lost to the room.
 Heat of Combustion

Heat of Combustion
Heat released as 1 g of a substance
burns.
Joules
For candle = 33,000 g
cal
For nut = 7,000 g

Remember, 1 cal = 4.18 J

 Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

ºF ºC K
212 ºF 100 ºC 373 K Boiling Water

98.6 ºF 37 ºC 310 Body Temp.

32 ºF 0 ºC 273 K Freezing Water
Based on the 0 K = absolute
BP and FP of zero
alcohol where all
molecular
motion
stops
 Cooling Curve
Heat of fusion
∆ Q = mc∆ T Heat of crystallization
Heat of combustion
g gl
temperature

∆ Q = mc∆ T
l
ls

s ∆ Q = mc∆ T

time