PLANT

IDENTIFICATION
WOODY vs. HERBACIOUS PLANTS
A.WOODY PLANTS
• plants that have hard stems

• have buds that survive above ground in winter.

• the best-known examples are trees and

shrubs (bushes).
Plant Classification
Common Name: Coconut Tree
Scientific Name: Cocos nucifera
Kingdom  Plantae 

Subkingdom  Tracheobionta 

Super division  Spermatophyta 

Division  Magnoliophyta 

Class  Liliopsida 
Subclass  Arecidae

Order  Arecales

Family  Arecaceae 
Genus  Cocos L. 

Species  Cocos nucifera L. 
Morphological Characteristics
Coconut Tree
Leaf Type: Odd pinnately compound
Plant Type: Gymnosperm, perennial, Leaf Arrangement: Spiral
seed propagated

Tip: Acuminate
Leaf Margin: Entire

Shape: Linear
Fruit type: dry drupe

Other Characteristics:
•A slender palm tree widely distributed throughout the tropical regions, with a size that can vary between 1 to 30 meters high.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Mango Tree

Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Rosidae

Order:  Sapindales

Family:  Anacardiaceae 

Genus: Mangifera 

Species:  indica
Morphological Characteristics
Mango Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm, Perennial, Leaf Arrangement: Spiral
seed propagated

Tip: Acuminate Leaf Type: Simple

Leaf Margin: Undulate

Shape: Lanceolate Fruit type: fleshy drupe

Other Characteristics:
• Mango trees can grow to a height of 45 m (148 ft)
and can live for in excess of 100 years
• Mango is commonly eaten as a fresh fruit. The fruit
may also be processed to produce mango pickles or
chutneys.
Plant Classification Common Name: Acacia Tree

Scientific Name: Acacia crassicarpa

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Subkingdom:  Tracheobionta 

Super division:  Spermatophyta

Division:  Magnoliophyta  

Class:   Magnoliopsida

Sub-class: Rosidae

Order:  Fabales

Family:  Fabaceae  

Genus: Acacia mill

Species:  Acacia crassicarpa
 Morphological Characteristics
Acacia Tree
Leaf Arrangement: Opposite Leaf Type: Bipinnately Compound
Plant Type: Gymnosperm, Perennial,
Seed propagated,
Tip: Obtuse
Leaf Margin: Entire

Shape: Linear Fruit type: Siliques

Other Characteristics:
• Trunk is often straight and branchless for 13 to 18
meters. Crown is heavily branched and spreading. Bark
is dark brown, hard with deep vertical furrows; the
inner bark is red and fibrous.
• Recently introduced and popular used as an
ornamental shade tree.
• In landscaping, considered a "grow fast" tree.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Beechwood Tree

Scientific Name: Gmelina arborea

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta 

Super division:  Spermatophyta

Division: Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Asteridae

Order:  Lamiales

Family:  Verbenaceae

Genus:  Gmelina L.
Morphological Characteristics
Beechwood Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm, Leaf Type: Simple
Perennial, Vegetatively Leaf Arrangement: Opposite
propagated Tip: Mucronate
Leaf Margin: Scalloped

Shape: Cordate Fruit type: obovoid drupe

Other Characteristics:
• Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing tree, which grows on
different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with
750–4500 mm rainfall.
• This tree is commonly planted as a garden and an
avenue tree; growing in villages along agricultural land
and on village community lands and wastelands.
• It is light demander, tolerant of excessive drought, but
moderately frost hardy.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Narra Tree

Scientific Name: Pterocarpus indicus

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class: Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Rosidae

Order:  Fabales

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Pterocarpus 

Species: P. indicus
Morphological Characteristics
Narra Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm,
Perennial, Seed Propagated Leaf Arrangement: Alternate

Leaf Margin: Entire Leaf Type: Pinnately Compound

Shape: Ovate Tip: Acuminate Fruit type: Samara

Other Characteristics:
• Young leaves and flowers are reportedly edible; the
flowers, can be a source of honey.
• Noted for its hardiness and rapid growth.
• Grows well in bottom lands, wind-firm and less
susceptible to disease and pests.
• Nitrogen-fixing.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Avocado Tree

Scientific Name: Persea americana

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Order:  Laurales

Family: Lauraceae

Genus: Persea 

Species:  P. americana
Morphological Characteristics
Avocado Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Spiral
Tip: Apiculate Leaf Type: Simple
Leaf Margin: Entire

Shape: Obovate Fruit type: Berry

Other Characteristics:
• Usually grown from seeds, but may be propagated by
budding, grafting, and marketing.

• Juice from seeds yields a milky juice which turns red on

exposure; used to make permanent ink for fabric lettering.

• Mineral content is considered greater than in any other

fresh fruit.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Mahogany Tree
Scientific Name: Swietenia mahagoni L.
Kingdom:  Plantae 

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta

Super division: Spermatophyta

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Rosidae

Order:  Sapindales

Family:  Meliaceae  

Genus: Swietenia Jacq. 

Species:   Swietenia mahagoni  L.
Morphological Characteristics
Mahogany Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Opposite
Tip: Articulate Leaf Type: Even Pinnately Compound
Leaf Margin: Entire

Shape: Obovate Fruit type: Achenes

Other Characteristics:
• Cultivated for the commerce of its wood.
• Used by Ifugao migrants for malaria, cough
and miscarriage. 
• Used for hypertension, amoebiasis, chest
pains, parasitism, cancer.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Niyog-niyogan
Scientific Name: Combretum indicum

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Rosidae

Order:  Myrtales

Family:  Combretaceae 

Genus: Combretum

Species:  c. indicum
Morphological Characteristics
Niyog-niyogan
Plant Type: Gymnosperm,
Perennial, Seed propagated Leaf Arrangement: Whorled
Leaf Type: Pinnatipartite
Leaf Margin: Lobate
Tip: Acuminate
Shape: Oblanceolate Fruit type: Caryopsis

Other Characteristics:
• Leaf decoction used for the treatment of hypertension,
diabetes, kidney stones, and high cholesterol.
• Occasionally planted for its ornamental leaves.
• Young shoots are edible.
• Study has shown leaves lubi-lubi leaves as potential
flavoring in the preparation of enriched lubi-lubi noodles.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Tamarind Tree

Scientific Name: Tamarindus indica L.

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Tracheophyta  

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Rosidae

Order:  Fabales

Family:  Fabaceae 

Genus: Tamarindus L.

Species:Tamarindus indica L
Morphological Characteristics
Tamarind Tree
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Alternate
Leaf Type: Bipinnately Compound
Leaf Margin: Entire
Tip: Obtuse
Shape: Parallel Fruit type: Legumes
Other Characteristics:
• The tamarind tree produces edible, pod-like fruit which
is used extensively in cuisines around the world.
• Other uses include traditional medicine and metal polish.
• The wood can be used in carpentry.
• Has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security,
foster rural development and support sustainable land
care.
B. HERBACEOUS PLANTS
• does not have much wood
• its stems are green and soft

• these plants grow fast and produce flowers

 and many seeds in a short period of time.

Plant Classification
Common Name: Squash
Scientific Name: Cucurbita L.
Kingdom:  Plantae 

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta 

Super division: Spermatophyta  

Division: Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Dilleniidae

Order: Violales

Family:  Cucurbitaceae
Morphological Characteristics
Squash
Leaf Type: Simple
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Alternate
Leaf Margin: Scalloped Tip: Obtuse
Shape: Cordate

Flower characteristics: large, trumpet shaped,

yellow to orange color

Other Characteristics:
• The fruits of the genus Cucurbita are good sources
of nutrients, such as vitamin A and vitamin C,
among other nutrients according to species.
• The fruits have many culinary uses
including pumpkin pie, biscuits, bread, desserts,
puddings, beverages, and soups.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Banana
Scientific Name: Musa L.
Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Liliopsida
Sub-class:  Zingiberidae
Order:  Zingiberales
Family:  Musaceae 
Genus: Musa L.
Morphological Characteristics
Banana
Plant Type: Gymnosperm,
Perennial Leaf Arrangement: Spiral
Leaf Margin: Sinuate Tip: Obtuse
Shape: Linear
Flower characteristics: which may also be called banana blossom,
grows on the end of the stem holding a cluster of bananas. 

Other Characteristics:
• A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry.
• The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually
elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered
with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown
when ripe.

• Bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and 

Musa balbisiana.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Dragon Fruit

Scientific Name: Hylocereus undatus

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Order:  Caryophillales

Family:  Cactaceae 

Genus: Hylocereus 

Species: Hylocereus undatus

Morphological Characteristics
Dragon Fruit
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Whorled Leaf Type: Simple
Leaf Margin: Dentate Tip: Acute
Shape: Linear

Flower characteristics: scented, nocturnal, greenish-

yellow or whitish, rarely rose-tinged color
Other Characteristics:

• Dragon fruit stems are scandent (climbing

habit), creeping, sprawling or clambering, and
branch profusely.
• The fruit is oblong to oval, 6–12 cm long, 4–

9 cm thick, red with large bracteoles, with

white pulp and edible black seeds.

Plant Classification
Common Name: Snake Plant

Scientific Name: Sanseveria trifasciata

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Liliopsida

Sub-class:  Liliidae

Order:  Liliales

Family:  Agavaceae 

Genus: Sansevieria P.

Species:  Sanseveria trifasciata
Morphological Characteristics
Snake Plant
Plant Type: Gymnosperm Leaf Arrangement: Basal rosette
Tip: Acuminate
Leaf Margin: Entire
Leaf Type: Simple
Shape: Linear

Flower characteristics: are borne in large clusters, generally white

with a greenish tinge.

Other Characteristics:

• The plant exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide using the 

crassulacean acid metabolism process, which is only present

in a small number of plant species.

• It is well known for its capacity to purify the air by
converting harmful substances into harmless ones.
Plant Classification
Common Name: Swamp cabbage/Kang Kong
Scientific Name: Ipomoea aquatica

Kingdom:  Plantae 

Division:  Magnoliophyta 

Class:  Mognoliopsida

Sub-class:  Asteridae

Order:  Solonales

Family:   Convolvulaceae

Genus: Ipomoea L.

Species: Ipomoea aquatica

Morphological Characteristics
Swamp cabbage
Plant Type: Gymnosperm
Leaf Arrangement: Alternate
Tip: Acute
Leaf Margin: Serrate
Leaf Type: Simple
Shape: Cordate

Flower characteristics: trumpet shaped, white, spherical

Other Characteristics:

 It is a semiaquatic, herbaceous plant with milky sap which

grows up to 3 m long.

 The leaves are helpful in treating diabetes in the pregnant

women.

 It is used as a sedative to enhance sleep and relaxation.

LAB 1 WORKSHEET
Plant nomenclature and classification
What are the three identifying characteristics of a
dicot? Give an example
Example of a Dicot plant

Oak Tree
Example of a Dicot plant
Cacti
What are the three identifying characteristics of a
monocot? Give an example
Example of a Monocot plant

Lilies
Example of a Monocot plant
Banana
What are the differences between annual and perennial
plants? Give an example

Annual Plants

 Annuals live for only one season, they tend to have a long bloom
season. They are usually bright and showy, used by gardeners to add
burst of bright color to their flower beds and container gardens.
Examples are tomatoes, peppers, okra, eggplant, beans, peas,
pumpkins and squash.
What are the differences between annual and perennial
plants? Give an example

Perennial Plants

 Perennial plants regrow every spring, while annual plants live for only
one growing season, then die off. Perennials generally have a shorter
blooming period compared to annuals, so it's common for gardeners
to use a combination of both plants in their yard. Perennials are
plants that can live for three or more growing seasons

 Examples are banana, goldenrod, mint, apple tree, pine tree

Why are scientific nomenclature and plant classification
important?

• Scientific Nomenclature is not an end to systematics and

taxonomy but is a necessity in organizing information about
biodiversity.

• Nomenclature functions to provide labels (names) for all plant

taxa at all levels in the hierarchy of life.

• It help us find, identify, describe, classifiy, and name plants

Proudly presents by:
Group 3; BS Biology-1A
Kathleen Joy Navasero
Marian Danielle Jacobe
Kristian Paul Tabita
Luisa Tanguilan
Marydeth Fuggan
Clarisa Duruin
THANK YOU! 