AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

 GROUP NO-1
WE THE GROUP MEMBERS:
• MD. BULBUL AHMED 10.01.03.003
• MD.SHARIFUL ISLAM 10.01.03.008
• MD.YOUSUF BIN AZIZ 10.01.03.018
• ABU SAYED MD.TARIN 10.01.03.020
• MD.FARHAN ABIR 10.01.03.026
• MD.SABBIR KARIM 10.01.03.037
• MD.YASIN 10.01.03.038
• MD.EZAZ AHMED 10.01.03.041
• S.M.RAHAT RAHMAN 10.01.03.044
• MD.ABU RAIHAN 10.01.03.049
 OUR TOPIC IS

DEEP FOUNDATION
SABBIR

YASIN RAHAT

BULBUL RAIHAN
FARHA
N
 Deep Foundation

Foundation:
Foundation is the lowest and
supporting layer of a structure.

Geotechnical engineers design foundations based on

the load characteristics of the structure.
 FOUNDATION

DEEP FOUNDATION SHALLOW

FOUNDATION

The most common forms of construction pertaining to deep

foundation are :

PILES PIERS CAISSONS

Shallow Foundation

RAFT FOUNDATION
 Deep Foundation

CAST IN SITU PILE PRECAST PILE

PILES
CAISSONS
PIERS
 Classification of Piles
Depending upon materials used in their manufacture,
piles can be classified as :

a)
Concrete Piles
i) Cast-In-Place or cast-in-situ Piles
ii) Pre-cast Piles
iii) Pre-stressed concrete Piles

b) Steel Piles
c) Timber Piles
d) Composite Piles
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PILES
PRECAST PILE
 Definition & Explanation

PRE-CAST PILE: Pre means before & cast

means made. So precast pile refers to a pile that
has made before it is being used.
PRECAST PILE
 Why and Where it is used?

• Pre cast pile is used for extra heavy weight

structure because it can ensure full strength by
proper maintaining.
• It can be used under water.
• There is no possibility of the reinforcements
getting displaced.
• There is no possibility of the voids being left.
• Not to attack by corrosive constituents in the
soil and the sub-soil water.
SHAPES OF PRE-CAST PILES
HEXAGONAL
CIRCULAR
RECTANGULAR
DESIGN OF PRECAST PILE
 Structure of Precast pile & Related
Information
• By the soil test, we would be find the depth of penetrate.
• By which length of a pile can be determined.
• After determine the total weight of the building, we would
find the number of piles.
• The diameter of the pile normally varies from 35 cm to 65 cm
and their length varies from 20 ft to 30 ft.
• Besides bearing load for easy transportation & movement big
weir or reinforcement is used in the pre cast pile.
• For easy driven rectangular pile is often made.
• Longitudinal reinforcement usually consists of one bar 20 mm to
50mm in diameter at each angle of the section of the pile.
• The vertical rods are tied horizontally by bars 6mm to 10mm in
diameter.
• The horizontal bars may be provided in the form of stirrups
wound around the verticals.
• Pile shoe & pile stirrup is used in the lower part of the pile to
driven the pile easily.
CASING
 SOIL CONDITION

Soil suitability Bearing Capacity

• Suitable in a wide • High bearing capacity
range of soil conditions • Concrete formations
• Working loads in excess around the contracted
of 1000kN sections increase the
• Useful for very deep capacity.
piling upto 40 m • Compact soil &
• In soft ground or in increase the bearing
aggressive or capacity
contaminated soils
Process of Precast pile

• Steel form is used for the precast pile

manufacture.
• Before pore the concrete in to the
form, Mobil or other kind of oil have
been used.
• cement, sand ,aggregate ratio is
normally 1:2:4 in pre cast pile.
• But to make the foundation stronger
mix ratio is used 1:1.5:3
• When the concrete pore in the steel
form it would be ramming by the
vibrator.
Picture of Processing Precast pile
Curing & Driving

• After 3 days, pile have been covering

by the sheet.
• After 3 days of casting, steel form
would be removed.
• Then the piles would be prepare for 4
weeks curing.
• Then the piles are transported to the site
for driving
Picture of Curing
Picture of Driving
 Advantages of Precast Pile

• Cast well before work.

• Well supervised
• Reinforcement remain in their proper position
• Can be driven under water
• After driven they can be loaded soon
• We can get required strength
• Detect the damage before use
• Properly cured by water
 Disadvantages of Precast Pile

• Difficult to manufacture
• Not economical
• Subject to longitudinal and transverse cracking
• Not aesthetic
• Not appropriate for curved or flared structures
• Complicated for skews
 Reinforcement of the Site

• Main rod 22 mm diameter

• Stirrup 10 mm diameter 60 grade
• Spacing on stirrup 4”~6”~4”
• Some extra16 mm rod was provide in both two end due to
pressure
• extra rod length is 3.5’
• Clear cover 2’’ for subsurface
• Stirrup hook bend at 135 degree & bending portion is 3’’
long Steel shuttering
• Triangle pile shoe was set in the bottom of the pile
 Difference of Theoretical & Practical

Theoretical Practical
• We can joint two pile • We use one pile to
together drive.
• Maximum length 40 ft • They use 50~55 ft pile
• All of the test have to • They only do some test
done before use in site
Cast In Situ Pile
 WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?

• Cast in situ piles are those piles which are

cast in position in side the ground.
• Reinforcements are necessary to be provided
in a cast in situ Piles , when the pile acts as a
column and is subjected to a lateral force.
WHAT IS CAST-IN-SITU PILES?
PURPOSE OF CAST-IN-SITU PILE

• Load Transmission
• Load Resistance
TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES

SIMPLEX PILE FRANKI PILE

TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES
VIBRO PILE VIBRO EXPANDED PILE
TYPES OF CAST IN SITU PILES

RAYMOND PILE MAC ARTHUR PILE

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF CAST IN SITU PILE

LOOSANING OF SOIL

I. Cutting and Scraping

Boring Grab
Cutting Teeth For Rotary Drilling
ii. Ripping
iii. Percussion
 REMOVAL OF SOIL

Intermittent Transport
• Rope Grab
• Rotary Drill

CONTINUOUS TRANSPORT

• Flush Drilling
• Continuous Auger
 TEMPORARY SUPPORT
Drill Casing
• Vibrating
• Oscillating
• Rotating

DRILLING MUD

• Water
• Bentonite
• Polymer
 ENLARGED BASE
• Under reaming
• Grouting
• Plug Expulsion

CASTING Of Pile

Reinforcemen Concrete Casting of

t Mix Concrete
 BORING PROCESS
Choice of place and boring machine
FIELD TANK AND REMOVAL OF OVERFLOWING
WATER
 THE PROCESS OF CASTING
Insertion of temporary casing with shoe
THE PROCESS OF CASTING

Placement of reinforcement
THE PROCESS OF CASTING
CASTING OF CONCRETE
THE PROCESS OF CASTING
CASTING OF CONCRETE
 THE PROCESS OF CASTING
Removal of temporary tube and finish of casting
COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICAL
FIELD

Theoretically Practical Field

• Pouring of Concrete • Steel tube is
and Withdrawing of withdrawn after 28
steel tube gradually days
• Polymer, Bentonite, • Only Bentonite
or Steel Case is used solution is used
• Auger or rotary drill • Only Rotary drill is
is used used
DIFFICULTIES OF PILEING AND HOW TO
OVERCOME THIS

PROBLEM SOLUTION
• Rocky layer of soil • Abort drilling
with stone • Pump the water.
• Rising water from Best, use precast pile
the bottom of hole • Soil test is needed.
• Corrosion can be Corrosion resistant
occurred cement
 ADVANTAGES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILES
• Cannot be used under water
• Displacement of reinforced
• Dumping of concrete from a great height
• Inspection is not possible; voids may be left
• Contact of water of concrete to the dry soil if uncased
• Freshly laid concrete is susceptible to soil components
• Driving of adjacent piles may rupture shell-less cast-in-
situ pile
DISADVANTAGES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILES

• Cannot be used under water

• Displacement of reinforced
• Dumping of concrete from a great height
• Inspection is not possible; voids may be left
• Contact of water of concrete to the dry soil if uncased
• Freshly laid concrete is susceptible to soil components
• Driving of adjacent piles may rupture shell-less cast-in-
situ pile
THANK YOU
ANY QUERY ???