Ericsson 3G Chapter 1 (General) - WCDMA RAN Opt

WCDMA RAN P6 Optimization
Chapter 1:
Performance Monitoring of a WCDMA Radio Network
Chapter 1 Objectives
After this module, the participants will be able to:
1. Explain the difference between RAN Tuning and RAN Optimization

2. Explain how to monitor the RAN performance
3. Explain the definition of Network Quality
4. Explain the general optimization process
© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

. A Figure2 1 - Performance Monitoring of a WCDMA Radio Network
WCDMA Radio Access Network
Evolution

Tuning vs Optimization
RAN tuning: provides operators with a detailed understanding
of the underlying problems to address.
It is performed when
• all necessary nodes in the area are installed and operational
• the network is stable and not yet commercially used.
• new sites are installed in already commercially launched

areas.
Tuning vs Optimization
RAN Optimization
Is performed when the radio network has been tuned
RAN Optimization identifies and solves radio network problems

in live networks when there are sufficient subscribers in the
network.

Data Collection Tools
Ericsson offers different tools:
1. performance statistics,
2. User Equipment Traffic Recording (UETR),
3. Cell Traffic Recording (CTR)
4. General Performance Event Handling (GPEH).
Also drive tests as well as subscriber feedback is also used.

RAN Services
RAN Tuning is required to:
• ensure good network quality and
• identifies and solves radio network problems after the network

system has been installed and integrated.
Tuning
 Establish network performance mainly using drive tests:
– To ensure it is possible to drive in the network without dropping calls
– To ensure it is possible to set up calls in the coverage area
 Analyze and describe underlying problems related to:
– Design
– UEs
– Systems

RAN Services
RAN Optimization can result in parameter change setting for
different functionalities such as:
1. idle mode,
2. radio connection supervision,
3. power control,
4. capacity management,
5. handover
6. channel switching.
Optimization
 Identify and improve radio network problems using statistics, recordings
and events
 Establish subscriber behavior and perception
 Ensure that traffic growth can be handled

UTRAN observability model
The problem
vast amount of performance statistical data collected by the

WCDMA network => it can be confusing to correlate all
the data for the entire network and build a coherent picture.
Solution
Extract and Calculate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs),

which are directly connected to the quality.

UTRAN observability model
Management KPI – End-User

perception
Statistics KPI – Info in

The System Level
UETR/CTR/GPEH KPI

. A Figure101 - Performance Monitoring of a WCDMA Radio Network
Network performance monitoring
-Does the network fulfil the
-Key performance indicators performance requirements??
(KPIs) are needed, too -Has the performance changed
much available compared to earlier??
information to
handle

Where can Information about the Network Quality
be collected?
MSC SGSN
RNC RNC RNC UE

UE
UE
RBS RBS RBS RBS RBS RBS
Network Information Mobile Information

Sources for Performance Monitoring Information are:
• Statistical information counters from the network elements (Network Info)
• Downlink Information from a single test mobiles (Mobile Info, TEMS investigation)
• Downlink Information from several special mobiles distributed to selected users
•Autonomous measurements with special mobile TEMS automatic
• Customer complaints (Customer Info)
• Traffic recordings (e.g. UETR, CTR, GPEH)
WCDMA Radio Access Network

Network Quality of Service (QoS)

Service Accessibility Performance
To be able to get in contact with the network (call setup success
rate, paging success rate, blocking probability etc).
Service Retainability Performance

To provide the continuity of the service under given conditions
for a requested duration (drop call rate).
Service Integrity Performance

The provision of service without excessive impairments
(observe BLER and the throughput).

Service Support Performance
The ability of the operator to provide the service and assists in
its utilization.
Service Operability Performance

The ability of a service to be successfully and easily operated
by a user
Service Security Performance

The protection provided against unauthorized monitoring,
fraudulent use, malicious impairment, misuse, human mistake
and natural disaster.

Performance Analyzing

Optimization Process

WCDMA RAN Optimization Process
The steps:
Accessibility Retainability Integrity
Preparations
module module module
Consistency Idle mode HO Performance BLER
Check
•Parameters Random Access Neighbour Relations Throughput
•Neighbours
•Scrambling Codes RRC Connection SF Usage
Statistics NAS
•Counter types
•Profiles
RAB Assignments
•Counter Activation
Alarms
Cell availability

PREPARATIONS
Parameter Settings
Parameter check in order to find a problem and to monitor it is. (wrong
power settings, wrong handover parameter).
Neighbor Relations
To find and monitor a problem (correctly defined neighbors, too long
neighbor lists, single defined neighbors)
Scrambling codes
Find a problem due to wrong scrambling allocation. (Too often reused
scrambling codes will result in problems detecting the interfering SC and
will affect the accessibility and the handover performance).
Statistics
For fast problem focusing, counters in the NE must be activated (chapter 2,
Data Collection).
ACCESSIBILITY MODULE
WCDMA RAN Network accessibility is analyzed, (UE Idle mode behavior,
Random Access process). (chapter 3, Service Accessibility).
RETAINABILITY MODULE
WCDMA RAN Network retainability is analyzed, (UE mobility behavior,
handover performance). (chapter 4, Service Retainability).
INTEGRITY MODULE
WCDMA RAN Network integrity is analyzed, (BLER, throughput).
(chapter 5, Service Integrity).

Cell Availability

Cell Availability
THE GOAL: To select the worst performing cells,
Implementation: all cells must be available for the statistics (no alarms or
downtime periods during the measurement period).
Counter Examples:
 pmCellDowntimeMan - Shows how many seconds

during the measurement period cell was manually
blocked. During manual downtime cell will not be
available for service
 pmCellDowntimeAuto - Shows how many seconds

during the measurement period cell was
automatically blocked. During downtime cell will not
be available for service

Alarms Handling
The Procedure:
Procedure
1. Before looking for the problems it is important to fully

understand the sites performance in regards of HW faulty.
2. Checking the cells alarms it would give a good indication

whether there is a hardware problem at some of the sites.

EXAMPLE
Parameter: maxDlPowerCapability
Meaning: The minimum downlink power capability for the Cell,
reported to the RNC;
RNC
Alarm: Carrier_MaxDlPowerCapabilityOutOfRange.
Reason:
• The parameter dlAttenuation for the affected antenna feeder cable is not in
accordance with the information specified in the Site Installation
Documentation (SID)
• A faulty Antenna Interface Unit (AIU) or Single Antenna Interface Unit(sAIU)
• A faulty Multicarrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) or Power Amplifier Unit (PAU)
• A faulty Filter Unit (FU) or a faulty Radio Unit (RU) or a faulty Remote Radio
Unit (RRU)
Effect: cell setup request from RNC rejected => the related
UtranCell_NbapMessageFailure alarm is issued by the RNC.
Optimization workflow
The Modules

WCDMA Optimization workflow
The Modules
Accessibility Retainability Integrity
Preparations
module module module
Other Modules
Recommendation
Performance Performance Verification of
&
Measurements Analysis changes
Implementation

Performance Measurement - Statistics
• Radio network statistics data (RNC and cell level data)

should be collected during both busy hours and normal traffic
hours.
• Performance statistics (counters) -> a predefined system

profile is up and running in RNC.
• If this predefined system profile does not cover all counters,

a user-defined profile should be setup and used during
analysis.

Performance Measurement - Statistics
Performance areas inside the performance statistics profile
(predefined system profile or/and user-defined profile):
• RAB Handling,
• Admission,
• Admission Monitoring,
• Cell Availability,
• Channel Quality,
• Congestion,
• Handover,
• Inter Frequency Handover,
• IRAT Handover,
• Processor Supervision,
• RRC Handling,
• Iur Channel Handling,
• Cell update,
• Connection supervision
• Channel Switching
Performance Measurement – OSS-RC
• OSS-RC: used to create new performance statistics or/and

UETR/GPEH profiles.
• OSS will activate also pre-defined profiles
• ROP files will be fetched automatically and stored in OSS-

RC.

WCDMA Optimization Module
Performance Measurement - summary
Performance Measurement
– Statistics
Create Profiles
Activate counters
– CTR/UETR/GPEH/TEMS Investigation
Identify problems through deeper measurements

Performance Analysis
Performance measurements => KPIs are evaluated in order
to find problem cells or problem geographical areas.
This is achieved by:
• Worst cells analysis
• Site configuration checks
• Geographical worst cells location
• Drive tests
• OSS tools (UETR, GPEH, CTR)

Performance Analysis – worst cells
worst performing cell types:
types
1. Random access function.

Problem: Weak performance ability due to lack of
performance monitoring counter.
Solution: Adjust the random access parameters.
Observe the variations (Differential Analysis)
2. Accessibility load-sharing (inter-frequency and

directed retry to GSM, if these features are
used). Is the number of denied admission high
in the network?
3. RAB functionality. Identify RAB’s that are not

performing in line with targets, regarding
retainability and integrity.
Performance Analysis – OSS
UETR: (User Equipment Traffic Recording) used in
combination with TEMS Investigation drive test data to
provide UL information (excluding reference drive test).
It depends on the operator about the User Equipments (UEs)
to be recorded
GPEH: (General Performance Event Handler) used to

provide detailed information for worst performing cells.
CTR: (Cell Traffic Recording) records selected performance

events, records radio related measurements, per RNC area
or covering specific cell.
Any UE in a selected recording area may be recorded.

Performance Analysis - summary
Performance Analysis
Identify Worst cells
Site Configuration and the Geographical location
Is drive tests needed?
Is UETR or GPEH needed?

Recommendations and Implementation
Two problems
1. Problems related to Cell/RBS/RNC parameter settings,
2. Problems related to hardware configuration (antenna tilt or

antenna height)
RESULT:
• A brief report should be produced representing to the

customer the problem, recommendations and arguments
to justify the need for Change Requests (CR) .

Recommendations and Implementation - summary
Recommendations and Implementation

– Cell/RBS/RNC parameters
Wrong parameter setting
New functions activation
– Hardware configuration
Antenna tilt
Antenna height

Statistical Test Methods
– why and how?
The Problem:
– The system performance can drastically change

during a day
– After a change check amount of traffic per day and

hour fluctuation
– Important to have the same conditions on test

methods before and after the measurement
periods

– why and how?
There are two commonly used statistical methods when comparing
measurements before and after a change in a radio system
1. Verification of Changes
2. Student’s t-test
These test methods are recommended to be used only when an

improvement after a change in a network is not very obvious
statistically due to hourly/daily fluctuation of data.

- Verification of Changes
After implementation of changes (parameters, hardware etc)
network performance should be monitored in order to verify
the impact of changes.
Verification of changes
Statistics
Drive tests
Statistical test methods

– why and how?
Student´s t-test – two methods
Paired t-test is used when the data points corresponds to a

matching data point in the other group.
It can be performed knowing just the means, standard
deviation, and number of data points
Unpaired t-test is used in a more general view, when the

amount of data differs between the groups.

– why and how?
Student´s t-test
 one of the most commonly used statistical tests for testing

a hypothesis based on a difference between sample
means.
 t-test determines a probability that two populations

are the same with respect to the variable tested.
 The t statistic was introduced in 1908 by William Sealy

Gosset, a statistician working for the Guinness brewery in
Dublin, Ireland ("Student" was his pen name).[
Unpaired t-test process
- Speech Call Drop for RNC
Assumptions:
• For the t-test for independent samples, the same number of

sample data points in each group is not needed
• The population follows a normal distribution, or more

correct, a t-distribution when the variances are estimated.

Unpaired t-test process
- Speech Call Drop for RNC
Hour Drop Before Drop After
Drop call 1 3.93 0.9

2 2.82 1.33
statistics after
3 2.72 1.1
and before a
4 2.26 1.03
parameter
5 2.8 1.81
change in the 6 3.59 2.58
network. 7 1.73 0.74
8 2.79 1.86
9 2.83 1.65
10 2.82 2.13
11 1.24 3.05
12 2.19
13 3.75

Unpaired t-test – the steps
1. The data should be organized in two columns in excel.
2. From the tools option, select data analysis options.
3. Select t-Test: Two-sample Assuming Equal Variances.
4. Enter the cells value from the column ”before” for variable range 1.
5. Enter the cells value from the column ”after” for variable range 2.
6&7 Hypothesised Mean difference = 0 and tick the label box.
8. Enter a free cell for the output range

Unpaired t-test - output
Independent one-sample t-test
In testing the null hypothesis that the population mean is
equal to a specified value μ0, one uses the statistic
where s is the sample standard deviation of the sample. n is

the sample size. The degrees of freedom used in this test is
n − 1.
This is sometimes known as a sigma test.
For on-line t-test calculator please refer to web-page:

http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/ttest1.cfm


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WCDMA RAN P6 Optimization

After this module, the participants will be able to:

1. Explain the difference between RAN Tuning and RAN Optimization

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

• all necessary nodes in the area are installed and operational

• the network is stable and not yet commercially used.

• new sites are installed in already commercially launched

Is performed when the radio network has been tuned

RAN Optimization identifies and solves radio network problems

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

Also drive tests as well as subscriber feedback is also used.

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

• ensure good network quality and

• identifies and solves radio network problems after the network

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

vast amount of performance statistical data collected by the

Extract and Calculate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs),

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

Management KPI – End-User

Statistics KPI – Info in

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

RNC RNC RNC UE

Network Information Mobile Information

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

Service Retainability Performance

Service Integrity Performance

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

Service Operability Performance

Service Security Performance

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

 pmCellDowntimeMan - Shows how many seconds

 pmCellDowntimeAuto - Shows how many seconds

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

1. Before looking for the problems it is important to fully

2. Checking the cells alarms it would give a good indication

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

• A faulty Antenna Interface Unit (AIU) or Single Antenna Interface Unit(sAIU)

• A faulty Multicarrier Power Amplifier (MCPA) or Power Amplifier Unit (PAU)

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

• Radio network statistics data (RNC and cell level data)

• Performance statistics (counters) -> a predefined system

• If this predefined system profile does not cover all counters,

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

• OSS-RC: used to create new performance statistics or/and

• OSS will activate also pre-defined profiles

• ROP files will be fetched automatically and stored in OSS-

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

© Ericsson AB 2008 01_03813 LZU 108 6924 Uen Rev

This is achieved by:

• Worst cells analysis

• Site configuration checks

• Geographical worst cells location

• OSS tools (UETR, GPEH, CTR)