Lebanon

Divided by a
civil war
 Geograph
oLebanon is y
located in the middle east, bordering the
Mediterranean sea.
oIt area only 10,400 sq. km
oBekaa valley – the rich agricultural area.

oCedar trees – famous mountains of Lebanon (cedars of

Lebanon).

oBeirut – the capital and main port (“ Riviera of the

 LEBANON
has a free – market economy
and the Lebanon government
does not interfere with foreign
trade.
They make a lot of their
money through tourism and
banking. They do not export to
the U.S. a whole bunch but the
U.S. is there main import
oLEBANON’S name comes from the Semitic
word Laban (white), which refers to the
white color of its mountain rocks.
o1975 – damaged by the civil war.
o1983 – gross national income was $5,000,
earned mostly from oil pipeline royalties
and exports of olives, fruits, vegetables,
textiles, and oil products.
oBeirut – was the banking and trading
center of the Middle East.
o$4 billion – is needed to rehabilitate the
 People language
oLebanese – oThey speak
mostly of Arabic,
Arab descent. French,
3 million English and
population Armenian.
are there. The Muslim
oChristians – religion
mostly dominates
Maronites the country
 Character Traits
Honour Sincerity
Integrity Hospitality
Sensitivity Adaptability
Wariness
 Child Rearing and by French
etiquette,
Socialization
Education. Education is
very important in especially in
Lebanon. Many parents matters of dress,
prefer to place their address, and
children in the more eating. Strangers
expensive religious as well as
private schools, where acquaintances
they may receive moral greet each other
guidance. respectfully,
 Children are encouraged usually using
to learn and to be quiet. French terms, such
Parents are usually as bonjour , bon
strict and demand great soir , and pardon .
devotion. Lebanese  Hospitality is very
Children & Parenting
Child-rearing
 practices are
characterized by
abundant protection
imposed on children
by parents. Unlike
Western societies,
parental control does
not stop at the age of
18; instead, it
 Divided into
various factions
oArabic – is the official language, but English and French
are spoken.
oLebanese – highest literacy rate and offered the best
education in the Arab world (with five universities).
oLebanon – the worst civil war in the world. Hundred
thousand people have been killed in the street battles;
several hundred thousand have been wounded.
 Early history
oLebanon – was known as Phoenicia (from Phoenix, its
famous red dye export).
oPhoenicians – were great sea traders and navigators,
reaching as far as East Africa, Spain and England.
oFamous ancient cities – are the Tyre, Sidon, Tripoli,
and Byblos.
oKing Hiram (969-936 BC) – most famous Phoenician
ruler.
 Maronite Christians
oFollow the authority of the Roman Pope but have a different liturgy and
doctrine. Their priests can marry. The Christians suffered terrible
persecution at the hands of the Byzantine Greek Orthodox rules and,
later, under the Muslim Arabs.
oOttoman Turk Empire – defeated, Lebanon and Syria were placed under
French mandate after World war I.
oAmerican Protestant missionaries and Jesuit priests – founded printing
presses and new schools and universities. Then Arab nationalism was
stirred.
World War II
oGeneral catroux – the free French forces liberated Lebanon
and Syria.
oNovember 26, 1941 – the independence of Lebanon and its
separation from Syria ( to which it was previously united as
one nation).
INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC.
oThe Lebanese constitution – provided for a republic with an
elected president as head of state.
oThe president – was a christian.
oThe prime minister – was a Muslim.
oAt first, Lebanon was pro- Arab and anti- Israel.
oIn 1948-49 it joined other Arab League countries in
attacking Israel.
oLebanon – lived at peace with Israel, and become pro-
Western. Thus it developed into “Riviera of the Middle
East” attracting millions of tourists and foreign
residents.
oLebanon – became the most prosperous and progressive
Arab country in the 1960s and 1970s.
 Civil war
oInternal and external forces fractured Lebanon
into the divided country. Lebanon has always
been prone to religious and clan warfare.
oClan rivalry – existed between the more
prosperous SUNNI Muslim majority, and the
poorer SHIITE Minority.
Is Lebanon a good
country to liveoin?
It's a very
enjoyable country to live in
and has great education
options and a professional
career but on a smaller
is Lebanon known for producing?
scale because
the country is small.
Horticulture. Lebanon produces a
variety of fruits and vegetables.
The largest crops (more than 20 kilo
tonnes in 2003) include potatoes,
oranges, apples and grapes. Exotic
Interesting Facts About Lebanon
 Beirut, Lebanon is the 10th most popular shopping
destination in the world.
 Lebanon is one of the most populated countries in its
archaeological sites in the world.
 Lebanon is the only Arab and Asian country that has
absolutely no desert.
 One of the main exports of Lebanon is jewelry.
Authentic jewelry is one of the most exported goods
from Lebanon to the world, especially other Middle
Eastern countries.
 The name LEBANON appears 75 times in the Old
Interesting Facts About Lebanon
The creators of Tom & Jerry are originally Lebanese. (Joseph
Barbara & William Hanna)
The creator and the production manager of the iPod is
originally Lebanese. (Tony Fadel)
The Lebanese Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah was a technological
leader whose inventions in electricity had a great impact on
the development of the 20th century technology and he was
the first one who was working on creating electricity from
sunlight.
Byblos (city in Lebanon) is the oldest continuously living city
in the world.
The Phoenicians (Original People of Lebanon) built the 1st
boat, and they were the first to sail ever. They also reached
America long before Christopher Columbus did.
The 1st law school in the world was built in Lebanon, in
Downtown Beirut.
Interesting Facts About Lebanon
 It has 40 daily newspapers.
 It has 42 universities.
 It has over 100 banks (that are banks and not
branches of a bank).
 70% of the students are in private schools.
 The only remaining temple of Jupiter (the main Roman
god) is in Baalbeck, Lebanon (The City of the Sun).
 The name of BYBLOS comes from the BIBLE.
 According to Christianity, Jesus Christ made his 1st
miracle in Lebanon, in Sidon (The miracle of turning
water into wine).
 People say that the cedars were planted by God's own
hands (This is why they're called "The Cedars of God",
and therefore Lebanon is called "God's Country on
Interesting Facts About Lebanon
 King Solomon's temple was built with Lebanon's
cedars.
 Lebanon is the first Arab country that had a
constitution.
 "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask
what you can do for your country". Most people
associate this quote to a speech made by US
President John Kennedy in 1961. In fact, it came
from one of Gibran Khalil Gibran's books.
(Lebanese writer and artist).
 SYMBOLISM
 The Presence and position of
the Cedar in the middle of the flag is
directly inspired by the mountains
of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani).
The Cedar is a symbol of holiness,
eternity and peace. As an emblem of
longevity, the cedar of Lebanon has
its origin in many biblical
references.
 LEBANESE FOODS
Baba Ghanoush Falafel

Kibbe Manakeesh Kunafeh

Nayeh
 Tabbouleh Fattoush

Shawarma Kofta Bakl

ava
DESSERT
LEBANON ATTRACTIVE PLACES
IN SUMMER SEASON

Afqa Waterfall
Baatara Gorge Waterfall Raouchè Sea Rock
Chowan Waterfall Nahr Ibrahim
 Saydit El Nourieh (Our lady of Nou
Jeita Grotto
Jbeil – Byblos 
Lake Qaraoun – Southern Region of Temple of Jupiter – Baalbek, Beqaa V
the Beqaa Valley 
Downtown Beirut – Beirut  Bekaa
Valley 
 Kefraya – Western Region of Beqaa Valley 
Taanayel Walk – Taanayel 

Msaylha Castle – Chekka, North Lebanon  Sidon Sea Castle

 Kfar-Hilda Waterfall – Kfar-Hilda  Laqlouq Mountain Range

ery of Saint Anthony – Kozhaya, North Lebanon  LE GRAY HOTEL, BEIRU

People
Cultural Dance
Tradition Costume
Arts
Sports Soccer
Monument
s
The Literature of Lebano
n
Thank You