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GROUP 2: RESPONDING

TO SOCIAL, POLITICAL
AND CULTURAL
CHANGES
GROUP 11 PRESENTATION
INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

• The state is a form Of political organization consisting of governmental institutions that are capable of
maintaining order and implementing rules or laws over a given population in a given territory. These are
also embodied and take visible forms through formal bureaucratic organizations such as government
agencies.
• Conflict is usually solved through the power of formal adjudication, appealing to these written laws and
policies.
• On the other hand, civil society refers to a web of autonomous assocations not necessarily Formal
organizations, independent of the state, bringing citizens together and pursuit of common interests.
These incleds those that thrive in the social and cultural domain, such as religion, kinship and family,
friendships and local associations, rituals of popular culture, and knowledge systems.
• Governance is the process by which both the state and civil society participate in the
maintenance of social and political order.
• However, it should be said that the state willingly surrendered is monopoly to the
process of governance. The unravelling of “statist” modes of governance, to give way to
“civil society” modes occurred as a result of the democratization process in the
transformation of the development discourse, even as these processess are also
influenced by the struggles waged by civil society to reassert its role in the
“Administration” of public life. This course of “Administration” was replaced by a
discourse of “Governance”. To “administer”, which is synonymous with “to manage” is
now being problematized as inconsistent with the new discourse of development.
“Governance” is now the more accepted word. Participatory Governance entails several
strategies, onenof which is Decentralization.
• Decentralization is a process wherein power from higher levels is transferred to lower
levels. In government, Decentralization is a necessary condition for civil society
participation in the process of governance.

• There are two types of Decentralization: First type is Decentralization within


government and attacked agencies.
1. Administrative Decentralization or deconcentration- administrative and managerial
responsibilities are handed over from national level units to sub national or local offices
within the organization
2. Delegation- administrative managerial responsibilities are handed over from a
government agency to a parastatal.
• The second type is Decentralization involving civil society organization:
1. Privatization – involves the transfer of administrative and managerial responsibilities to
a private entity.
2. Devolution of political Decentralization - entails the transfer of power and authority
from central government institutions to local political authorities.

• Another strategy In Participatory Governance is Adaptive Co-Management, which is a


fusion of two developmental approaches – adaptive management and collaborative
management or Co-Management.
• Adaptive Management allws more room for participation as it implies a dynamic, recursive process of actions and feedbacks, which can only be achieved if spaces
are opened for various actors.

• Collaborative or Co-Management enjoins communities to enter into collaborative management arrangements with other agencies, such as those from
government and other sectors in civil society.
NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN NETWORKING
• One of tge apaces where a new kind of political actions is enabled is in new media are
cyberspace and in social networks. The potential of cyberspace to create new forms of
citizenship rests on the communicative structures in which virtual affinity groups are
created on social networking sites, effectively transforming individuals posts, tweets, and
blogs into a collective sense of community, albeit issue – specific and may not necessarily
be sustained. In the case of the Philippines, the emergence of the issue, are the
occurrence of a crisis moment- from natural disasters, to assaults to narional pride by
radio talk show hosts, or by comments of tge others in cyberspace- have shown to be
affective tiggers for the outpouring of critical commentaries, leading to the creation of
threads, webpages and chat topics which pinoy netizens reads, follow, and actively
comment on.
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

• A social movement is a developing collective action of a significant portion of members of a


major social category. Examples of Social Movements are women’s movements, gay-rights
movements, environmental movements, civil rights movements, and nationalists movements.
• These emerged when there is a disparity between civil society and the prevailing social order.
These emerged as both a reaction to the prevailing social order, as well as projects to
transform tge social order in correspondence with civil society.
• Environmentalism is a Social Movement that emerge as a reaction to the excessess of
modernity and capitalism.
• There are two types of enromentalism:
1. Ecocentric environmentalism- believes that humans and the societies, they create
different from nature.
2. Technocentric environmentalism- starts from the perspective of controlling and
managing the environment that is separate from humans and their social, economic,
technological, and political systems.
• Environmentalism can be further classified according to two factors:
1. In relation to class dimension as to whether it is a an environmentalism of affluence or an
environmentalism of survival.
2. In relation to the economic or cultural function of the environment, as to whether it is
materialist or non-materialist environmentalism.
• Materialist Environmentalism – protecting the environment as a source of livelihood and economic
benefits.
• Non-materialist Environmelalism – protecting the environment for its cultural and symbolic values.

• Feminism is a social movement that addresses the situation of women in the society.
Logis of domination is a pattern of thinking in which two groups are distinguished in
terms of some characteristics.
• Liberal Feminists
• Marxists Feminists
• Socialists Feminists
• Radical Feminists
• Cultural Ecofeminism
THANK YOU!!

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