CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION

•THE STUDY AND PRACTICE OF A SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF JAIL

OR PRISON AND OTHER INSTITUTION CONCERNED WITH THE
CUSTODY, TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF CRIMINAL
OFFENDERS.
PENAL MANAGEMENT

•REFERS TO THE MANNER OR PRACTICE OF MANAGING OR

CONTROLLING PLACES OF CONFINEMENT AS JAILS OR PRISONS.
 CORRECTION AND PENOLOGY
Correction
Is the study of the methods that have
been and are employed for the
punishment and deterrence of such
behavior and the study of the efforts to
accompany punishment and measures
that are intended to change or correct
the offender.
Purpose of punishment is rehabilitation
and the corner stone is education.
Penology (Penal Management)
Is that part of the science of criminology
that studies the principles of punishment
and the management of prisons,
reformatories and other confinement
unit. Penology was coined by Francis
Lieber and also derived from Latin word
“Poenalis” which means “Punishment”
and from a Greek word “Poene” which
means “Penalty or Fine”.
Purpose of punishment is retribution and
the corner stone is discipline.
 INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

• AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING

PHYSICAL CUSTODY OF AN OFFENDER. (EX. PRISON, JAILS AND
REHABILITATION CENTER.)
• TRADITIONAL METHOD THAT REQUIRES INCARCERATION
 NON-INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

• ALSO KNOWN AS THE COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION, IT IS A

CORRECTIONAL ACTIVITY THAT TAKES PLACE OUTSIDE THE
INSTITUTION/PRISON WALLS. (EX. PAROLE AND PROBATION)
• MODERN METHOD THAT DOES NOT REQUIRES INCARCERATION.
PENALTY

• IS THE SUFFERING INFLICTED BY THE STATE FOR THE TRANSGRESSION

OF LAW
PURPOSE OF PENALTY
• RETRIBUTION OR EXPIATION - THE PENALTY IS COMMENSURATE WITH THE
GRAVITY OF THE OFFENSE AS A MATTER OF PAYMENT FOR THE DAMAGE
DONE
• CORRECTION OR REFORMATION – AS SHOWN BY THE RULES WHICH
REGULATES THE EXECUTION OF PENALTIES CONSISTING OF DEPRIVATION OF
LIBERTY, THEREBY GIVING CHANCE FOR REFORMATION
• SOCIAL DEFENSE – AS SHOWN BY ITS INFLEXIBLE SEVERITY TO RECIDIVIST
AND HABITUAL DELINQUENTS. SOCIETY MUST PROVIDE THE WELFARE OF THE
PEOPLE AGAINST ANY DISORDER IN THE COMMUNITY
GOALS OF SENTENCING
• RETRIBUTION – IS THE ACT OF TAKING REVENGE UPON THE CRIMINAL PERPETRATOR.
• INCAPACITATION – IS THE USE OF IMPRISONMENT OR OTHER MEANS TO REDUCE THE
LIKELIHOOD THAT AN OFFENDER WILL BE CAPABLE OF COMMITTING FUTURE
OFFENSES
• DETERRENCE – IS A MEANS, WHICH SEEKS TO PREVENT OTHERS FROM COMMITTING
CRIMES OR REPEATING CRIMINALITY
• REHABILITATION – IS THE ATTEMPT TO REFORM A CRIMINAL OFFENDER, THE STATE IN
WHICH A REFORMED OFFENDER IS SAID TO BE REHABILITATED
• RESTORATION – A GOAL OF WHICH ATTEMPTS TO MAKE THE VICTIM WHOLE AGAIN
PUNISHMENT

• IS THE REDRESS THAT THE STATE TAKES AGAINST AN OFFENDING

MEMBER.
GENERAL CONCEPT OF PUNISHMENT IS THAT IT IS INFLICTION OF
SOME SORT OF PAIN ON THE OFFENDER FOR VIOLATING THE LAW.
SOCIAL JUSTIFICATIONS
• PREVENTION – THE STATE MUST PUNISH THE CRIMINAL TO PREVENT OR SUPPRESS THE
DANGER TO THE STATE ARISING FROM THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF THE OFFENDER.
• SELF-DEFENSE – THE STATE HAS A RIGHT TO PUNISH THE CRIMINAL AS A MEASURE OF
SELF-DEFENSE SO AS TO PROTECT SOCIETY FROM THE THREAT AND WRONG
INFLICTED BY THE CRIMINAL.

• REFORMATION – THE OBJECT OF PUNISHMENT IN CRIMINAL CASES IS TO CORRECT AND

REFORM THE OFFENDER.
• EXEMPLARITY – THE CRIMINAL IS PUNISHED BY THE STATE AS AN ACT TO DETER
OTHERS FROM COMMITTING CRIMES.
• JUSTICE – THAT CRIME MUST BE PUNISHED BY THE STATE AS AN ACT OF RETRIBUTIVE
JUSTICE, A VINDICATION OF ABSOLUTE RIGHT AND MORAL VIOLATED BY THE CRIMINAL.
LEGAL CONDITIONS
• THE PENALTY MUST BE PRODUCTIVE OF SUFFERING WITHOUT AFFECTING THE
INTEGRITY OF THE HUMAN PERSONALITY.
• THE PENALTY MUST BE COMMENSURATE WITH THE OFFENSE, THAT DIFFERENT CRIME
MUST BE PUNISHED WITH DIFFERENT PENALTIES.

• THE PENALTY MUST BE PERSONAL IN THAT NO ONE SHOULD BE PUNISHED FOR THE
CRIME OF ANOTHER.
• THEPENALTY MUST BE LEGAL, THAT IT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF A JUDGMENT
ACCORDING TO LAW.
• THE PENALTY MUST BE CERTAIN, THAT NO ONE MAY ESCAPE ITS EFFECTS.
• THE PENALTY MUST BE EQUAL FOR ALL.
• THE PENALTY MUST BE CORRECTIONAL.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN
DEALING WITH CRIMINALS
• THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT – (BECCARIA) “LET THE
PUNISHMENT FITS THE CRIME”. THE PHILOSOPHY OF HEDONISM AND
FREEWILL, THIS IS TO MAKE A RATIONAL CHOICE BETWEEN WHAT WILL
CAUSE PAIN AND WHAT WILL RESULT IN PLEASURE.
• THE NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT – CHILDREN AND LUNATIC
PERSONS DO NOT HAVE FREEWILL THUS THEY MUST BE EXCLUDED TO
ANY PUNISHMENT SINCE THEY DO NOT KNOW WHAT IS RIGHT OR
WRONG.
• THE POSITIVE SCHOOL OF THOUGHT – (LOMBROSO) “LET THE
TREATMENT FITS THE CRIMINAL”. PEOPLE CANNOT ALWAYS BE HELD
ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR BEHAVIOR BECAUSE OF THE FACTORS
BEYOND THEIR CONTROL. THIS IS KNOWN AS “DETERMINISM”, MAN’S
FREEWILL CAN BE INFLUENCED AND DICTATED BY PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. THEREFORE,
CRIMINALS SHOULD NOT BE PUNISHED BUT RATHER BE TREATED
BECAUSE HE IS HAVING ILLNESS WHICH LEADS HIM TO DO WRONG.
 BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS,
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND
PENOLOGY
AND PROVINCIAL JAILS
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT

• THE ACCUSED UNDERGOES PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT WHEN THE

OFFENSE CHARGE IS NON-BAILABLE, OR EVEN IF BAILABLE HE CANNOT
FURNISH THE REQUIRED BAIL.
SUBSIDIARY PENALTY
• IT IS SUBSIDIARY PERSONAL LIABILITY TO BE SUFFERED BY THE
CONVICT WHO HAS NO PROPERTY WITH WHICH TO MEET THE FINE, AT
THE RATE OF ONE (1) DAY FOR EIGHT PESOS, FOR ITS IMPRISONMENT.
THIS IS ONLY APPLICABLE WHEN THE PENALTY IMPOSED A FINE AND
NOT TO DAMAGES OR CIVIL LIABILITIES IMPOSED UPON THE
CONVICTED FELON.
CARPETA
• REFERS TO THE INSTITUTIONAL RECORD OF AN INMATE WHICH
CONSISTS OF HIS MITTIMUS /COMMITMENT ORDER,
INFORMATION/COMPLAINT, DETAINEES MANIFESTATION, JAIL
BOOKING/POLICE BOOKING, MUGSHOTS, SECURITY RISK FACTOR
SCORING CARD AND THE DISCUSSION OF THE TRIAL COURT,
INCLUDING THAT THE APPELLATE COURT, IF ANY;
PRISON
• A PENITENTIARY, AN INSTITUTION FOR THE IMPRISONMENT OF PERSONS
CONVICTED OF MAJOR/SERIOUS CRIMES.
• A PLACE OF CONFINEMENT FOR THOSE WHO ARE SERVING MORE THAN 3 YEARS
OF IMPRISONMENT.
• IS A CONFINEMENT FACILITY HAVING CUSTODIAL AUTHORITY OVER AN INDIVIDUAL
SENTENCED BY A COURT TO IMPRISONMENT, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY A
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
• THE WORD PRISON DERIVED OR ORIGINATED FROM THE GRECO-ROMAN
“PRESIDIO”.
JAIL
• A PLACE OF CONFINEMENT FOR THOSE WHO ARE AWAITING FOR TRIAL OR
ARE THOSE SERVING SHORT SENTENCES
• PRIMARILY ADULT PENAL INSTITUTION USED FOR THE DETENTION OF LAW
VIOLATORS, WHICH IS ADMINISTERED BY A PROVINCE, DISTRICT, CITY AND
MUNICIPALITY.
• THE WORD JAIL DERIVED OR ORIGINATED FROM THE SPANISH WORD “CAULA
OR JAULA”, MEANING CAGE.