Maria Susan Z.

maglaqui
• 1773 - First Psychiatric hospital in America at
Williamsburg,Virginia
• Custodial care for non nursing
• 1882 -first training school for nursing for
mentally ill established at Maclean Asylum
Waverly Massachusetts
• -Custodial care with nurses attempted to create
a safe ,kind & clean environment
• 1920-1940-Post war casulaties including
increased mental illness
• 1950 -1960-NLN -ANAcoalition
recommended sanctioned integration
of psychiatric nursing into clinical
experienced in generic curricula
• Advent of Pscyhotropic drugs(1950)
Comprehensive Mental health Act 1960
• Increased federal funding to build community
mental health centers which led to the
development of community psychiatry
• Psychotropic replaced restraints & seclusion
• emphasis on therapeutic relationship ,nursing
process & research in the 1960.
• 1950 -1960-NLN -ANA coalition Cont.
• Mileu Therapy was developed in nursing
• Peplau's (1952)book of Interpesonal relations
in Nursing
• Mello(1967) & Tudor (1952)published clinical
studies of nursing interpesonal relationships
• ANA division on Psychiatric & Mental Helath
Nursing Practice published a statement on
Psychiatric nursing Practice (1967)
• Madeline Leninger (1969)stressed the
importance of the community based care
within various culture & societies
• Aguilera & Messick published the first edition
of Crisis intervention
• -Integrated Caplan's Crisis
• 1970 -1980-Decrease in federal funding for
advanced psychiatric mental health nursing
training ,education & research led to decrease
psychiatric clinica;l experiences
• 1989 US congress declared the 1990's as the
“Decade of the Brain ”
• continued focus on community based services
& increase on technological advances &
neurobiology in the study of mental illness
• 1976 ANA statement on Psychiatric Mental
Health Nursing practice defined the standards
of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing
Practice delienated specific outcome criteria
for clinical practice in the specialty
• 1990-2000
• Continued advances in technology & understanding of
mental illness within domains of neurobiology (genetic
brain mapping ,neurotransmitters &
Psychopharmacology
• Health care reform focused on Primary health care
,prevention & community based treatment & services
• advance nurse practitioners provides psychotherapeutic
interventions
• 1994 ANA statement onPsychiatric Mental health
Practice & standards & clinical practice was the first
revision in the 1990's
• ANA revised its Scope & Standards of Psychiatric
Mental Health Nursing Practice (2000)