Knowing Oneself

• Defining the Self

• Personality (Nature, Nurture, and Personality)
• Trait Theories
• Personality Traits
• Measuring Personality
Objectives
1. Conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure;
2. Explain that knowing oneself can make a
person accept his or her strengths and
limitations, and deal with others better;
3. Share his/her unique characteristics, habits,
and experiences
 Activity 2

This activity tries to compare how we look at

ourselves against how people perceive us
depending on how we present ourselves to them.
• Write “I am ___________ (your name). Who do you think I am
based on what you see me do or hear me say?” on a ½ sheet of
paper.
• List 5 qualities that define who you are.
• Pass the paper around without looking who writes on your
paper.
• Do not use any bad words and do not write your name.
Are you Human?
1.How do you describe yourself as a
person?
2.What are the most memorable and
bizarre things you did as a kid?
3.Share what you feel after watching the
video.
Defining the Self
 Religion
Self

Future

Identity
Politics

Adolescent
Socrates
Systematic questioning about the
self

The true task of a person is to

know oneself.

“The unexamined life is not worth

living.”

The most important thing to pursue is self-

knowledge, and admitting one’s ignorance
is the beginning of true knowledge
 It is the agent
It is the being
responsible
which is the
for an
source of a
individual’s
person’s
thoughts and
consciousness.
actions

The essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions,

experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and relationships.

The Cognitive and Affective representation of one’s identity.

 Personality in Psychology

•Set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and

motives that identifies an individual
•Essence of who we are and the
embodiment of one’s physical,
psychological, cognitive, affective, and
spiritual self.
TED\Who am I.mp4 ?

•How do we decide who we are?

Nature, Nurture, and
Personality
 PERSONALITY

Nature Nurture

(Heredity or
Environment
Genetic Make-up)
 Cross-cultural
There is no single Traits
gene that creates a
trait.
• Agreeableness and
openness to experiences.
It is always a • Asians vs. Westerns
combination of genes,
environmental • Collective vs. Independent
exposure and
experiences, and
• Ex. Career
cultural backgrounds.
One general point of view explains that personality deals with
traits, and that trait or disposition is a major factor in
personality.

TRAIT
THEORY

Approach in identifying types of personalities

based on certain traits or attributes, which
vary from one person to another.
 •Developed a categorized
scheme that described
Psychologists personality.
Costa and •They discovered the existence
of 5 universal and widely
McRae agreed upon dimensions of
(1992) personality.
•They called it The Big Five or
Five-Factor Model
 These dimensions are: OCEAN

Openness to Conscient Extraversi Agreeabl Neurotici

Experience iousness on eness sm

curiosity, planning, sociable, friendly,

organizing,
interest, talkative, warm,
hard-working, calm,
imagination, controlling, active, trusting,
relaxed, and
and persevering, outgoing, generous,
comfortable
creativity to and and fun- and kind-
new ideas punctuality loving hearted
There are different ways to measure personality.

One is by observing people’s behavior but

this is quite limited.

People may not be able to observe all aspects

of personality such as loneliness, which is
internal.
Personality can be measured
using different kinds of tests.
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers

developed the Myers-Briggs personality
model based on four preferences of
individuals.
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

is how an individual prefers to channel

his or her energy when dealing with
E or I
(Extraversion or people, whether its inward (introversion)
Introversion) or outward (extraversion)
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Is how one prefers to process

information, whether through the use of
senses such as being able to describe
S or N (Sensing what one sees, or intuitively like dealing
or Intuition) with ideas
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Is how an individual prefers to make

decisions, either thinking or using logic
and analysis, or feeling which uses the
T or F (Thinking cognitive senses based on values or
or Feeling) beliefs.
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Is how an individual prefers to manage

one’s life, whether through judging,
which means a planned and organized
J or P (Judgement life, versus perception, which has a more
or Perception) flexible approach to living.