NUMERICAL METHOD

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 Introduction

Definition :
The study of approximation techniques for solving
mathematical problems, taking into account the extent of
possible errors.

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 Why use Numerical Methods?
• To solve problems that cannot be solved exactly

2
x u
1 

2 

e 2
du
 Why use Numerical Methods?
• To solve problems that are intractable!
 Steps in Solving a
Mathematical Problem

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 How do we solve a mathematical
problem?

Problem Description

Mathematical Model
Prosedure/
Numerical
Solution of Mathematical Model

Using the Solution

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Mathematical Procedures

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 Mathematical Procedures
• Nonlinear Equations
• Differentiation
• Simultaneous Linear Equations
• Curve Fitting
– Interpolation
– Regression
• Integration
• Ordinary Differential Equations
• Other Advanced Mathematical Procedures:
– Partial Differential Equations
– Optimization
– Fast Fourier Transforms
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 Nonlinear Equations
How much of the floating ball is under water?

Diameter=0.11m
Specific Gravity=0.6

4
x  0.165x  3.993  10  0
3 2

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 Nonlinear Equations
How much of the floating ball is under the water?

f ( x)  x 3  0.165x 2  3.993  104  0

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 Differentiation
What is the acceleration
at t=7 seconds?

 16  104  dv
v(t)  2200 ln    9.8t a
 16  10  5000t 
4
dt
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 Differentiation
What is the acceleration at t=7 seconds?
Time (s) 5 8 12
Vel (m/s) 106 177 600

dv
a
dt

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 Simultaneous Linear Equations
Find the velocity profile, given

Time (s) 5 8 12
Vel (m/s) 106 177 600

v(t )  at 2  bt  c, 5  t  12
Three simultaneous linear equations
25a  5b  c  106
64a  8b  c  177
144a  12b  c  600

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 Interpolation
What is the velocity of the rocket at t=7 seconds?
Time (s) 5 8 12
Vel (m/s) 106 177 600

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 Regression
Thermal expansion coefficient data for cast steel

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Regression (cont)

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 Integration
Finding the diametric contraction in a steel shaft when
dipped in liquid nitrogen.

T flu id

D  D   dT
Tro o m

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Ordinary Differential Equations
How long does it take a trunnion to cool down?

d
mc  hA(   a ),  (0)   room
dt
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