From PDI Article (Oct.

15, 2019): “Are

Researchers ‘crazy’ to engage in their
work?”
“If a nation’s progress were an engine,
RESEARCH is the spark plug which starts
it and revs it up. It can give back more
than a dozen-fold of the investment, in
terms of enhanced productivity, better
outcomes and more cost-effective
interventions.”
Rafael Castillo, M.D.
 Why Stress Free?
O Localized setting (usually in the
classroom-, school-, district-level);
O Non-randomized sample (intact class
or school);
O Focus on ONE problem at a time;
O Developmental in nature.
 Research defined
RESEARCH is an organized, systematic, empirical
and scientific investigation of a phenomenon/
event with the purpose of:
a. Classifying
b. Understanding
c. Explaining
d. Predicting, and
e. Controlling to divert/ stop it (if possible.)
 In contrast,
ACTION RESEARCH (AR) is a
type of research conducted for the
purpose of UNDERSTANDING and
finding a SOLUTION to an
identified problem in a local setting,
like classroom, school, or district.
Examples of Difficulties Encountered in
the Classroom
1. Pupils have difficulty in asking
questions about an observed event.
2. Pupils have difficulty formulating a
hypothesis.
 Transforming Difficulty No. 1 to a
Problem for Action Research
1. What instructional approaches could
be applied to teach pupils how to ask
viable questions about an observed
event?
2. Which instructional approach is best in
teaching pupils to ask viable questions
about an observed event?
 Transforming Difficulty No. 2 to a
Problem in Action Research
1. What instructional approaches could
be applied to teach pupils how to
formulate research hypothesis?
2. Which instructional approach is best in
teaching pupils formulate research
hypothesis?
 Advantages of AR
O NOT expensive to conduct.
O Focused on ONE problem (at a time)
in the classroom or school.
O NO complicated measuring
instruments, and analysis.
O IMPROVES practice (teaching/
administrative).
 Disadvantages
O Results may not be precise.
O Findings & generalization are limited
to the setting and subjects of the AR.
O IF not well-planned, it may interfere
with the regular classroom
instruction.
 ACTION RESEARCH
O is a natural way of solving prevailing &
persistent problems and/ or instructional
difficulties in the classroom or in the
school situation.
O When (NOT if) done, on a continuous
basis, AR can find solution to prevailing
problems in the classroom/ school.
 The Lewin’s Model
O Starts with PLAN, the action of
planning.
O ACT or IMPLEMENT based on the
plan.
O OBSERVE or MEASURE the result
of the implementation.
O REFLECT or analyze the results.
MEIMBAN-modified Lewin’s
Model
 How conduct an AR
1. Conduct a NEEDS ASSESSMENT.
Identify and list the prevailing &
persistent problems.
2. PRIORITIZE. Select the most
priority problem.
3. FOCUS on this priority problem with
the objective of finding a solution.
 AR Template (Outline)
DepEd Memo. No.144, s. 2017 ANNEX 3
A. TITLE
The title is derived from the identified
problem being focused on.
All researches (for that matter),
STARTS with a problem & ends with
another problem.
 Example
The identified Priority Problem:
What instructional approach could
facilitate pupils’ understanding of the
process of photosynthesis and
photosensitivity in plants and improve
test performance of pupils on these
topics?
Title derived from the problem

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH
FOR FACILITATING PUPILS’
UNDERSTANDING OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND
PHOTOSENSITIVITY IN PLANTS
 AR Template
B. ABSTRACT
O The summary of the whole AR, its findings
and conclusions. This is written after the AR
process has ended. (One paragraph)
O If required in the AR Proposal, it will be the
description of the situation surrounding the
problem, why is it a problem, solution to be
applied, & the expected results of the AR.
 AR Template
C. INTRODUCTION
OSignificance of the AR/ Rationale
(with scope and delimitation)
OResearch problem. The problem
is written in interrogative
(question) form.
 AR Template
D. METHODOLOGY
O Participants (target subjects) or Sources of Data
O Data-Gathering Procedure and instruments (quiz
or test)
O Data analysis. Frequency count, percentage,
mean, median, SD, skewness, kurtosis.
O Qualitative narratives like description of the
improved test performance, better behavior, etc.
 AR Template
E. Results and Discussions
O Observations or measurements BEFORE
and AFTER the intervention was
introduced.
O These are presented in tables.
O Comparison of the “BEFORE data” and
“AFTER data” is made.
O Simple statistics may be used.
 AR Template
F. Conclusions & Recommendations
O Summary of the findings, stated as
GENERALIZATIONS.
O Implications/ Reflection. Statement regarding the
CHANGE/ GAIN observed and its meaning.
O It answers the question: “Can the intervention that
influenced the results, be applied to other similar
situations?”
O Recommendations forwarded.
 AR Template
G. References
O Published books, journals, unpublished
master’s theses or doctor’s dissertations,
DepEd Memos, Circulars, and materials
from the Internet.
O Include ONLY references from which the
quotes, ideas, concepts, and theories
mentioned in the text, are taken.
 Gantt Chart (time line)
Activities Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Budget People

Identify the Problem

Write the proposal
Request for Permission
to conduct AR

Conduct/ Implement
Write up
Findings, Analysis &
Interpretation
Conclusion,
Recommendation,
Evaluation
Submission of Finished
AR
 “If the result confirms the
hypotheses, you’ve made a
discovery.
If the result is a contrary of the
hypotheses, that is another
discovery”
- Anonymous
THANK YOU!
1. Which of the following refers to the
summary of the whole action research, its
findings and conclusions
a. Title
b. Abstract
c. Introduction
 2. It is the identified problem being
focused on.
a. Methodology
b. Introduction
c. title
 3. Which of the following part of the
action research is the summary of the
findings as stated in the generalization?
a. Conclusions and recommendations
b. Results and Discussion
c. mehodology
4. It is the part where quotes, ideas and
concepts and theories are mentioned in
text.
a. Bibliography
b. Conclusions
c. References
5. It is shows where activities are set in a
given time frame
a. Gantt Chart
b. Lewin’s Model
c. Gantt Model
6-8 Give 3 advantages
of action research
9-10 Give 2 advantages of
action research