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•INTRODUCTION
•DEFINITION
•AIMS OF FIRST AID
•PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
•QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRST
AIDER
•SCOPE OF FIRST AID.
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
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What is first aid.
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Aims and objectives of first aid
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1. To save Live
2. To promote quick
recovery
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3. To prevent the
situation from getting
worst .
4. To save time
5. To save cost
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Principles of first aid.
1. Prior to any engagement in action, the FirstAider
must assess the emergency situation, primarily
danger related issues, which threaten or may affect
him/her, the casualty and bystanders.
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Principles of first aid
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Principles of first aid
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service as soon as
possible, if one is
available and it is
necessary.
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Principles of first aid
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Principles of first aid
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• Regarding protection:
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• SYMPTOMS
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•Record keeping.
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Emergency response.
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This is another
procedure taken to D: danger.
ensure that
appropriate first aid R: response (A.V.P.U).
and safety is
A: airway (T.L.L) .
observed while
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Airway obstruction
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Wounds.
A wound can be defined as any damage in the
continuity of the tissue of the body or skin.
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Management of wounds
•Stop bleeding if any.
•Wash/clean surface of
wounds.
•Dress/cover wound with
gauze or any soft
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Bleeding.
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•Types of bleeding.
1. May be Arterial ( bright
Red and Spurting in rhythm
with heart beat. Usually
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serious.).
2. May be Venous (dark red
and flows gently}.
3. May be Capillary (
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Kinds of bleeding
Internal bleeding.
This is bleeding from internal organs of the body and it is
notice as blood comes out from the natural orifices of our
body i.e. eyes, mouth, nose, ear, urinary tracts, vagina, anus.
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External bleeding.
This is the out flow of blood externally.
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Intervention.
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Fracture.
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Types of fracture.
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•OPEN FRACTURE:
This is when the bone
breaks and pierces out
of the body.
•CLOSED FRACTURE:
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Management of fracture.
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Your aims
•To prevent movement at the injury site by immobilising it.
•To arrange removal to hospital, with comfortable support during
transport.
Caution
•Do not move the
casualty until the
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and scalds.
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and scalds.
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Unconsciousness
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H -head injury.
S -shock.
H -heart attack.
A –anaphylactic shock.
P –poison.
E –epilepsy.
D –diabetes.
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Stages of unconsciousness
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S -stroke.
H -head injury.
S -shock.
H -heart attack.
A –anaphylactic shock.
P –poison.
E –epilepsy.
D –diabetes.
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Management of unconsciousness.
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Shock
This life-threatening condition occurs
when the circulatory system fails, leaving the
vital organs without oxygen. This condition
could also lead to fainting.
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Recognising Shock
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Management of shock.
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Your aims
•Recognise shock.
•Treat any obvious
• causes of shock.
•Improve the blood
• supply to the brain,
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Airway Obstruction
External or internal obstruction
of the airway;
•Inhalation of foreign object.
•Blockage by the tongue.
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•Cyanosis.
•Difficulty breathing
and speaking.
•Noisy breathing.
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Heart attack.
This is usually caused by a sudden obstruction of
blood supply to part of the heart muscle. The main risk is
that the heart will stop beating.
Your aims.
•To encourage
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the casualty to
rest.
•To arrange the
urgent removal to
hospital.
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Management.
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•Avoid Smoking
•Regular Medical Checks.
•Report Chest Condition.
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Stroke
This is the gradual or a sudden paralysis
of one or more parts of the body as a result of
a blood clot or rupture of an artery supplying
blood to a part of the brain.
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Management.
•Do not move Patient unnecessarily.
•Put him in most comfortable position
•Loosen all tight clothing around.
•Avoid panic and take charge.
•Lay the Victim down on a hard
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surface.
•Perform ABC of CPR if necessary.
•Give CPR if victim stops breathing
and send for help.
•Move Victim to a Medical Facility.
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Drowning
Death by drowning occurs when air cannot get into the lungs.
This may also cause a spasm of the throat.
When a drowning person is rescued, water may gush from their
mouth. This is water from the stomach & should be left to drain.
Do not try to force water from the stomach as casualty may vomit and
inhale it.
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Your aims
Restore adequate breathing.
Keep casualty warm.
Arrange urgent removal to hospital.
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Management.
If rescuing casualty from
water,{ PLEASE DO SO IF YOU
HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO DO
SO.} keep their head
lower than the rest of
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Convulsions or Fits .
Consists of involuntary contraction of many muscles due to
disturbance in the function of the brain. It is the result of disturbed
impulse transmission in the brain, caused by head injury, lack of
oxygen in the brain, poison, brain disease, fever etc.
Management
•Assess the environment.
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Convulsion.
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First Aid Box
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The recovery position.
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An unconscious
casualty who is STEP1: kneel beside the casualty,
breathing should be open his airway, reach out to the
knee away from you, from
placed in this position. Underneath, lift up, keeping the
This position helps foot perpendicular to the ground.
maintain an open
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The recovery position.
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The head, neck and STEP2: Bring the arm furthest from you
back are kept aligned, across the chest, and hold the back of
the hand against the casualty's nearer
while the bent limbs cheek with your other hand, keeping the
keep the body casualty's hand pressed against his
cheek ,pull on the upper leg to roll
propped in a casualty towards you and on his side.
comfortable and
secure position. If you
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remains open.
back. Not all the
steps will be
necessary if a
casualty is found
lying on his side
or faced down.
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The recovery position.
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