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Introduction
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Introduction
Topics
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Introduction
Why GSM?
Each European Country has its own set of rules governing its telephone
system:
- Physical wiring, voltages, signaling (low-level)
- tones and cadences
- loss/gain plans.
These conditions are generally acceptable since each country can provide
the unique interworking requirements between other countries
(International Gateways)
Differences in wireless networks in each country also stem from different
philosophies, frequency availability and local requirements. These
differences prevent simple roaming of handsets between countries.
The formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) removed
many of the European trade barriers encouraging trade and
consequently business travel between the member states. This
heightened the need for communications without restrictions, especially
for Mobile communications.
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Introduction
The Road to GSM
U.N. ITU
NAIG CCITT
CCIRR
ANSI MoU
IEC
TIA ETSI* ARIB
MPT
SMG
EIA CDMA TTC
DAMPS UMTS CDMA CDMA
UTRA
next Gen ??
Is136, IS54, IS95 GMM
GSM Austel
ITU
UMTS
* iWC associate member representative, voting delegate for SMG
GSM
committees, WP, recommendations, 0 - 2 mb/s 2 -10 mb/s 10 - 150 mb/s 150 - 622 mb/s
associations, & standards IMT2000 BRAN DAWS Wireless
ATM SDH/Sonet 5
Introduction
Specifications
The intention of the work was to create a complete specification
for a new mobile system. During the time of the work it became
clear, though, that the specification could not be complete.
There was too much to decide on and the continuous
development in the telecommunication area was hard to foresee.
This resulted in a division of the work into different phases;
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Introduction
GSM Specifications
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Introduction
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
The MoU work encompasses a large variety of issues in the technical, commercial,
regulatory and legal areas. The main areas of past and present activities can be
summarized as follows:
Originally signed in 1987 by 13 European signatories from 12 countries
Harmonization of the introduction of GSM networks and services
Definition of billing and accounting principles for the international roaming service
Definition of a standard roaming agreement between GSM operators
Liaison with regulators and vendors on the type approval procedures and
availability of mobile terminals
Security and data protection aspects (Encryption Algorithms)
Strategies for the evolution of the GSM standard
Promotion of the standard and exchange of GSM know-how
Open standards and supplier choice with minimal proprietary interfaces
Anti-fraud measures, Regulatory liaison
Funding of various activities
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Introduction
GSM Services
Telecommunication services are divided into 3 categories:
Teleservices (speech)
Bearer Services (data fax, computer files, images etc).
Supplementary Services (SMS, VM, CF, CB, etc..)
teleservices
bearer services
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Introduction
GSM Services
Teleservices
BasicTelephony (Speech) - Full Rate(13Kbps), Half
Rate(6.5kbps)
Mobile originated and terminated
Emergency calls
Cell Broadcast
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Introduction
GSM Services
Bearer Services
Asynchronous Data (300-9600 bps)
Synchronous Data (300-9600 bps)
Fax and videotex
Two-way short message service
ISDN bearer services w/ ISDN terminal equipment
PAD services with Packet switched data network
Alternate speech/data
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Introduction
GSM Services
Supplementary Services
Call forwarding(CFU, CFB, CFNRy, CFNRc)
Call authentication
Call transfer
Call wait(CW)
Call Hold(HOLD)
Conference call - Multi-party service(MPTY)
Closed user group(CUG)
Advice of charge services(AoCI, AoCC)
Calling / called line identification(CLIP, CLIP, CoLP, CoLR)
Call barring(BAOC, BOIC, BAIC, BOICexHC, BIC-roam)
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Introduction
Basic Characteristics of GSM
GSM900
890 - 915 MHz uplink frequency, 935-960 MHz downlink frequency (+10 MHz
for E-GSM, adjacent block)
Europe, Australia, China, Africa, Southeast Asia
DCS1800
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Introduction
Basic Characteristics of GSM 900
TDMA over the Radio carrier
8-Full Rate or 16-Half Rate Channels per carrier
Encryption of Voice and Data - three Algorithms provided, up to eight
supported
Uses techniques to reduce battery consumption in the Mobile Stations
Compatibility with ISDN services (DTAP based upon Q.931)
Provision for low speed data (up to 9.6Kbps) - currently being extended
to 56Kbps
Ability to send and receive FAX transmissions (up to 9.6Kbps)
Two Way paging functions - Short Message Services (SMS)
Wide range of Supplementary Services (more than anyone could
usefully want!!)
Aligned with Intelligent Network principles
Pan European Roaming, International Roaming
Features are frozen
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Introduction
Basic Characteristics of DCS 1800
Uses the 1800Mhz spectrum (1805 - 1880Mhz Uplink), 1710 - 1785Mhz
(Downlink)
Similar capabilities to GSM
Due to higher frequency smaller cells (<25% size of GSM), this leads
to smaller powered handsets - longer battery life.
UK networks went into operation in Sept. 1993 (M-O-T-O) and April
1994 (Orange). E-Plus now covers Berlin.
ETSI is now standardizing DCS1800 in line with GSM900 services
The DCS1800/GSM900 standard has now evolved into the PCS1900
standard in North America. PCS1900 differs in it’s ability to support:
different frequency range, multiple vocoders, IEC support and ANSI SS7
stack
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Introduction
The GSM System
GSM is a complete System Specification covering:
Radio Interface
Signalling Interfaces
Data Interworking Requirements
Handset features and functionality
Services Specification
Type approval specifications
The GSM building blocks can be individually extended and tuned, to meet the operators
specific requirements, while still maintaining compatibility with the core specifications.
The specifications are packed with options. Most items are market driven, the technology
is secondary. This makes the system “Operator friendly”.
Tight specification allows operators to select different vendors for each piece of the
network puzzle. The radio can be supplied by one vendor, switching by another and
Location Registers by another. This increased competition reduces prices. Also the large
potential market (even within Europe) helps drive down costs.
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Introduction
Worldwide Deployment
• Worldwide Deployment
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Introduction
Deployment Statistics
More than 100 MoU signatories representing Europe, China, Australia,
Hong Kong, Middle East, Africa, South America and the USA. Only
significant absentee is Japan.
The GSM Association currently has operator members in more than
210 countries and territories.
More than 1.4 billion subscribers worldwide.
International Roaming
GSM is deployed in all continents of the World.
Dual band GSM900/1800 and GSM900/1900 Market success
Roaming between GSM and AMPS is available.
Satellite operators joined the GSM family.
GSM accounts for 75% of the world’s total digital wireless market.
These Numbers seem to change daily and are very source
dependent!
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Introduction
Current Service Offering
The list of services offered by Phase 2 GSM is large, VERY LARGE
Basic Service
Speech,
Facsimile Group 3
Short Message Services
Cell Broadcast
Data Services (300bps to 9600bps)
PAD and Packet Access
Supplementary Services
Call Forwarding, four flavors
Call Barring, for incoming or international calls
Call waiting
Multi Party
Calling line identity services
Call completion services to Busy Subscribers
Explicit Call Transfer
Advice of Charge
Closed User Group
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Introduction
GSM Benefits
Component “Mix and Match” makes for an Operator driven
network deployment.
Standardization is Operator/market driven by the MoU body.
Large number of vendors and market size, drive down costs.
Technology is cost effective and presents no major obstacles to
cell planning.
The core standards are evolving to meet new demands.
Automatic International Roaming, extremely attractive.
Data service is available.
Proven Technology, ready to be deployed!
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Introduction
The Future of GSM
S
VGC
R
EF
CCBS
GPRS
HSCSD
GSM
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Introduction
Evolution of Mobile Systems
Co
NMT900 TACS
rdl
ess
d-AMPS DECT
GSM
CDMA
IRIDIUM
IS-95
DCS1800
PCS
1900 2ND
GENERATION
UMTS IMT2000
3rd
GENERATION
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Introduction
Next Generation
For the long-term perspective, global standardization bodies are working at the so called next
generation of mobile systems: Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) and International
Mobile Telephony (IMT2000) using data rates up to 2Mbs.
In Europe ETSI, GSM MoU, and European Regulators has started specifying UMTS, this standard
for a third generation mobile system is meant for launch between 2000-2005. This concept is a
contender for next generation. The aim is to cover:
Mobile Multimedia wideband services, including video telephony
New dimensions of service creation and mobility by the virtual home entertainment
Seamless Mobility between cellular, paging, cordless, data, pmr, satellite
environments, etc.
Seamless evolution of GSM (based on GSM MAP protocols)
Access to Internet
Separation into core network & Service provider
Service Creation Environment(SCE) will allow innovators to devise new features &
services without the delays of standardization
Using Wideband CDMA & TDMA concepts
International Telecommunications Union(ITU) has started specifying IMT2000, where 230Mhz of
Spectrum is reserved for this purpose. Some general principles:
request bandwidth & quality on demand
much, much more...
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Introduction
Conclusions
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