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R E V O L U T I O N S T HAT
D E F I N E D S O C I ET Y
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the topic, the readers are expected to:
1.Define intellectual revolution.
2.Identify the intellectual revolutions that created
paradigm shift.
3.Determine the components of personality.
4.Compare the different civilizations and identify their
greatest contributions to the society.
INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION
“INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION”
• The term used to Greek speculation about “nature” in the period
before Socrates.
• Also known as the “Pre-Socratic” or “non-theological” or“first
philosophy”.
• Three characteristic features of this form of philosophy:
1.The world is a natural whole.
2.There is a natural‘order’.
3.Humans can ‘discover’ those laws.
COPERNICAN
NICHOLAS COPERNICUS
• A mathematician and an astronomer who proposed that the sun
was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved
around it. (Heliocentrism)
• Principles of classical astronomy involving the four elements, namely
earth, water, air, and fire were followed before the work of
Copernicus.
• Aristotle believed that the earth is the true center of all the orbs
carrying the heavenly bodies around it and all motions are ‘uniform’
and unchanging.
• Between 1508 and 1514, Copernicus adopted the ‘heliocentric
model’.
• He proved the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system.
NICHOL AS COPERNICUS
DARWINIAN
DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all living
organisms are related and have descended from a common ancestor.
• It presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely
naturalistic descent with modification (Behe, 1996).
• It explains that complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors
naturally over time.
• “Natural Selection”
• He figured out that variations in a population help different species to
survive.
• The better adapted a species is, the more fitted it is to reproduce;
reproduction rates refers to “survival of the fittest”.
FREUDIAN
SIGMUND FREUD
SIGMUND FREUD
• Freud is the father of psychoanalysis and one of the 20th
century’s most influential thinkers.
• He’s structural theory of personality emphasizes the role of
unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and
personality.
• Human behavior is the result of the interactions among three
component parts of the mind: Id, Ego, and Superego.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
EGO SUPEREGO
ID • works at conscious,
• made up of • mediates the unconscious, and
demands od the Id, preconscious state
unconscious the superego and • morally right and good
psychic the reality • composed of people’s
• pleasure • works to achieve a internalized ideals
acquired from parents
principle balance with their and society
• Biological moral and idealistic • function is to control
component standards created by the id's impulses
the superego • function of persuading
• reality principle the ego to turn to
moralistic goals
DEFENSE MECHANISM
• Repression
• Denial
• Projection
• Displacement
• Regression
• Sublimation
5 STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
1. FIRST STAGE – ORAL