Carbohydrates: Structure Properties,Classification

and Functions
IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS,STEREO ISOMERISM AND
REACTION

Presented by WELFREDO LUBRICO YU,JR. and ROSCELA MAE D. ARIZO

Objectives:
Identify the structure,properties of carbohydrates
as a biological molecule and Important
compounds,stereo isomerism and reaction.
Distinguish the Classification Monosaccharide ,
Disaccharide and Polysaccharide according to
their structure and functions and Important
compounds,stereo isomerism and reaction.
Point out the importance of carbohydrates in our
daily activities and Important compounds,stereo
isomerism and reaction.
 What is Carbohydrates?

-The empiric formula is (CH2O)n, “hydrates of

carbon”

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN

 What is a MONOMER?
It means “Building Block”. A molecule that
can be bonded to other identical molecules to
form a polymer.
What is the monomer of CARBOHYDRATES?

Aids in digestive process,breaking

down and digesting fats and proteins
LET’S WATCH THE VIDEO OF CARBOHYDRATES…
“Eat more and it will turns to FAT”

 “If we eat more

carbohydrates than are
needed for energy, the extra
is stored in the liver or in the
tissues as FAT.
What is Saccharides?

3
What are the functions of
Carbohydrates?
Provide energy (most important)
Provide bulk in the diet
Provide dietary Fiber
Assist in the metabolism of fats
Spare protein for tissue maintenance
 What are the forms of
Carbohydrates?
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES(a.k.a. “sugars”)
MONOSACCHARIDES (1)
DISACCHARIDES(2)
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES(a.k.a.“starches”)
POLYSACCHARIDES(many)
e.g.,starches,cellulose,fibers
 What are some sources of Starch
and Sugars?
Sources of Sugars
Fruits, honey, milk, juices (100% cocktails),
alcohol, syrups, cakes,
cookies,candies,soda,added to many
refined foods.
Sources of starch
cereals
grains(wheat,oats,rice,etc),pasta,breads,legume
s, vegetables,potatoes,anything made with flour
Types of
Carbohydrates?
What are monosaccharide?

 Glucose(C6H12O6 )-Simplest form of

sugar called DEXTROSE. GREEK WORD
“SWEET” meaning blood “SUGAR”.
 FRUCTOSE (C6H12O6 )-FRUIT SUGAR
 GALACTOSE (C6H12O6 )-MILK SUGAR
 What are Disaccharide?
Lactose

Molecular Formula:
C12H22O11
 What are Disaccharide?
(Continued)
Sucrose (saccharose)
glucose + fructose
Sucrose is table sugar. It is purified from sugar cane or sugar beets.

Maltose
glucose + glucose
Maltose is a sugar found in some cereals and candies. It is a product of starch digestions
and may be purified from barley and other grains.

Lactose
galactose + glucose
Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. It has the formula C12H22O11 and is an isomer of
sucrose.
Source:
https://www.google.com.ph/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=nPeAXPmTGLeMr7wPsJ650Ac&q=milo+is+an+e
xample+of+maltose&oq=milo+is+an+example+of+maltose&gs_l=img.3...434715.462463..462760...0.0..0.1
87.4323.26j14......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0j0i8i30j0i30j0i24.mhLUGa-Ch_Y#imgrc=tI8yFrk00LnuFM:
What are Polysaccharide?
What are Polysaccharide?
Continued
What are Polysaccharide?
Continued
What are Polysaccharide?
Continued
What are Polysaccharide?
Continued
 What are their Characteristics?

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES(a.k.a. “sugars”)

Water soluble
Occur in “fruits,milk,honey”
Occur as refined sugars and syrups
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES(a.k.a. “starches”)
Insoluble
Found in plants,seeds, roots and tubers.
What is Dietary Fiber?
Dietary fiber (a.k.a. “Fiber”)
Soluble and Insoluble
Indigestibe,provide no
calories,found in plant products
Sources: vegetables,Whole
Grains,Fruits,Bran,Flax,Legumes.
References
 https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Chem_309_-
_General%2C_Organic_and_Biochemistry_(Bennett)/Chapters/14%3A_Carbohydrates/14.2%3A_Classes_of_Monosaccharides

 https://www.thoughtco.com/list-of-disaccharide-examples-603876

 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=types+disaccharide+structure&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiByOW9r-
vgAhWDA4gKHbvdCKAQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=rbgoULCPWd5tuM:

 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=chitin+polysaccharide+function&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIhYvutevgAhWEP3AKHfPaD_wQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=608#imgrc=TE6Xq
hjCaw6pKM:

 http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/chemistry/carbohydrates/quiz2006.html

 https://www.google.com.ph/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=nPeAXPmTGLeMr7wPsJ650Ac&q=milo+is+an+example+of+maltose&oq=milo+is+an+example+of+maltose&gs_l=img.3...434715.462463..46
2760...0.0..0.187.4323.26j14......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0j0i8i30j0i30j0i24.mhLUGa-Ch_Y#imgrc=tI8yFrk00LnuFM:

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeOUIXbFyqk

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpywYawQKLk

 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=difference+between+carbs+and+carbohydrates&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=6r8cbSzVKHzzeM%253A%252CO5lbETyrgWDcQM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI
4_-kS8-0RSOjsIroaaNpJo8CFdAOhZNw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiato-J9e_gAhXJc3AKHYY-Ae8Q9QEwAHoECAYQBg#imgrc=6r8cbSzVKHzzeM:

 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=monomer+meaning&oq=monomer+me&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i57j0l4.6402j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

 https://slideplayer.com/slide/12380414/
 QUESTION

WHAT IS YOUR INSIGHT ABOUT THE

DISCUSSION THIS
MORNING/AFTERNOON?
 ASSIGNMENT
 FOLLOW-UP
 Research about OLIGOSACCHARIDE
 What is Oligosaccharide?
 Types of Oligosaccharide?
 Structure and Functions of Oligosaccharide?
 Importance of Oligosaccharide as Carbohydrate?
 It must be encoded in a long unlined paper/bond paper,12 font size,1 spacing, aerial
font style,and stapled .
 Send your soft copy to my email address welfredoyujr@gmail.com .
 Submit your hard copy tomorrow in our class time.

 ADVANCED:
 Study in advance about the other types of Biological Molecules
 Structure and functions of lipids(fats).
 Structure and functions of proteins.
 Structure and functions of nucleic acid.
 Prepare for the Oral Recitation.