Integrals of Power of

SINE & COSINE

Engr. Joeydann M. Telin
 CASE 1
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive odd integer.

For
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥)(sin x dx)
𝑛−1
2
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) ( 2
) (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 2 (sin x dx)
Evaluate

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 CASE 2

න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Where at least one of the exponent is positive odd integer

(i) If n is odd,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
𝑛−1
= (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x (sin x dx)
(ii) If m is odd,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚 x dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑚−1 x (cos x dx)
𝑚−1
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 x(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) (cos x dx)
𝑚−1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 x(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( 2
) (cos x dx)
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 in two ways
 CASE 3
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
(iii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑐 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬
Where both m and n are positive even integers
(i) Factor
𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)( ) dx
2

1− cos 2𝑥 𝑛
= ( )2 dx
2
(ii) Factor
𝑚
𝑚 2 (
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) dx
2
)
1+ cos 2𝑥 𝑚
= ( ) 2 dx
2
(iii) Factor
𝑛 𝑚
𝑛 𝑚 ( )2 2 ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 x dx = (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) dx
2 2

1− cos 2𝑥 𝑛 1+ cos 2𝑥 𝑚
= ( )2 ( ) 2 dx
2 2
Evaluate

1. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3. ‫𝑛𝑖𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Integrals of Power of
TANGENT, COTANGENT, SECANT,
COSECANT
 CASE 4
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 dx

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−2 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)dx

(i) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥dx
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−2 𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)dx
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2. ‫ 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬4 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 CASE 5
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬
where n is a positive even integer.

(i) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)

𝑛−2
2
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) ( 2
) (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
(ii) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛−2 𝑥)(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
2
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) ( 2
) (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−2
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
Evaluate:

1. ‫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 CASE 6
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where m is positive even integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−2 𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
(ii) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−2 𝑥(𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
𝑛 2 ( 2 )
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥) (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
𝑚−2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥)
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ‫ 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 CASE 7
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where n & m is a positive odd integer.

(i) Factor
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 2 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
(
(ii) Factor
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 x dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥 (csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥)( 2 ) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥(csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
𝑛−1
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) 2 ) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚−1 𝑥(csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥)
(
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 CASE 8
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑛 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ׬‬
Where n is a positive odd integer.

Apply integration by parts

(i) Let u = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛−2 x and dv = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(ii) Let u = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑛−2 x and dv = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Evaluate:

1. ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 CASE 9
(i) ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬
(ii)‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑚 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑐 ׬‬
Where n is a positive even integer and m is a positive odd integer.

(i) Factor
𝑛
𝑛 𝑚 ( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 x dx = (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑛
( )
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
(ii) Factor
𝑛
𝑛 𝑚 2 (
2
)
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑐𝑠𝑐 x dx = (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑛
( )
= (𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 − 1) 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
Evaluate:

1. ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

SEAT WORK
4
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥

2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑥
න 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋𝑥