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1. For each of the two main stages of photosynthesis, identify the inputs.
Inputs of the light reactions are light and water, and ADP, P, and NADP+
from the Calvin cycle. Inputs of the Calvin cycle are CO2, and ATP and
NADPH from the light reactions.
Transparency 8B-5
2. Identify the outputs for each stage, and tell how each is used.
Outputs of the light reactions are oxygen, which is released to the atmosphere, and ATP and
NADPH, which go into the Calvin cycle. Outputs of the Calvin cycle are ADP, P, and NADP+,
which go into the light reactions, and sugar, which is used by the plant.
III. The Light Reactions
A. Light Reactions convert the energy in
sunlight to chemical energy.
B. Chloroplasts use captured light energy to
remove electrons from H2O, splitting it into
oxygen and hydrogen ions.
C. The electrons and hydrogen ions are used to
make NADPH, which is an electron carrier.
D. Chloroplasts also use the captured light
energy to generate ATP.
E. The overall result of the light reactions is the
conversion of light energy to chemical
energy stored in NADPH and ATP
IV. The Calvin Cycle
A. Calvin Cycle makes sugar from the atoms in
carbon dioxide plus the hydrogen ions and
high energy electrons carried in NADP
B. The ATP made in the light reactions provides
the energy to make sugar.
C. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as
the “light-independent reactions” because it
does not require light energy to begin.
See Overview fig. 8-4
8.2 The light reaction convert
light energy to chemical
energy
I. Light Energy and Pigments
Water
molecules
are split
into H+
ions,
electrons,
and
oxygen.
2. What is the
overall
result of the
light
reactions?
Energy in
sunlight is
converted
to chemical
energy in
the form of
ATP and
NADPH.
8.3 Calvin Cycle makes sugar
from carbon dioxide
I. A Trip Around the Calvin
Cycle
A. The Calvin Cycle is the sugar factory
within the chloroplasts.
B. The starting material for the Calvin
cycle is regenerated each time the
process occurs, the starting material is
called RuBP, (a sugar with five
carbons).
Calvin cycle
C. The inputs for the Calvin cycle are ATP, CO2
and NADPH. (from light reaction and air thus
no light)
D. The cycles output is an energy rich sugar
molecule called G3P which is not quite
glucose but is used as the raw material to
make glucose as the plant needs to.
Transparency 8E-1
Transparency 8E-2
Transparency 8E-3
Transparency 8E-4
Transparency 8E-5
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Transparency 8E-7
Transparency 8D-8 1. In what forms
does carbon
enter and exit
the Calvin cycle?
Carbon enters
the cycle in the
form of three
CO2 molecules
and exits as one
molecule of G3P.
Transparency 8D-9 2. What is the source
of the energy-rich
ATP and NADPH
molecules used in
the cycle?
ATP and
NADPH are
produced
during the light
reactions.
II. Summary of Photosynthesis
A. The equation (unbalanced) for
photosynthesis is
Carbon Dioxide + Water --> Glucose +
Oxygen
CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2