TYPES OF MEMORY CARDS

RAVI VERMA
CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MEMORY CARD
FLASH MEMORY

• Flash memory is a type of EEPROM chip, which stands for Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory.
• It has a grid of columns and rows with a cell that has two transistors at each intersection.
• One transistor is called floating gate and other one is called control gate.
• Floating gate is used to store data while Control gate controls read and write of data.
• Floating gate link between Wordline is through a Control gate.
• By switching On and Off control gate we can store 1 and 0 in floating transistor.
EXAMPLES OF FLASH MEMORY

• BIOS
• CompactFlash (most often found in digital cameras)
• PCMCIA Type I and Type II memory cards (used as solid-state disks in
laptops)
• Memory Stick (most often found in digital cameras)
• SD card
TYPES OF MEMORY CARD

• Secure Digital(SD) card

• Extreme Digital (xD) Picture card
• SmartMedia card
• MemoryStick
• CompactFlash card
• Personal Computers(PC) card
SD CARD

• SD Card means Secure Digital Card.

• It is a solid state memory meaning it doesn’t have moving parts like hard disk or CD.
• It works on Flash memory.
• It is a non-volatile memory it doesn’t need power source to retain data.
• It is a electronic memory meaning saving data , reading data and erasing data are
done using electronic signals.
• Its is generally used in portable devices like Mobile Phone, Digital Camera,Laptops
and PC using adapters.
WHO SETS SD CARD STANDARD?

• SD card standards are set by Secure Digital Association.

• Head Quarter situated in San Ramon, California US.
• Panasonic, SanDisk and Toshiba formed the SD Association in January 2000 with the goal of
developing and promoting standards for flash memory storage.
• SD Association doesn't make or market any products on its own.
• There are 1000+ association member who contribute in improvement of SD standards.
• These standards cover the SD cards themselves, as well as the hardware and device drivers
used to read and write to them.
HOW SD CARD LOOKS LIKE

• At first glance, an SD card is a small, flat, rectangular object with a notch

along one edge and copper leads, called pins, embedded on one side along
another edge.
SD CARD CLASSIFICATION

• Size like the physical dimensions like height,width and thickness.

• Storage Capacity.
• Speed of Read and Write.
PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION

• 32 x 24 millimeters, 2.1 millimeters thick - This is the most common size you'll see. This
size has nine pins and features a write-protection switch on one side to toggle
between read-only and read-write states.
• 20 x 21.5 millimeters, 1.4 millimeters thick - This is the "mini" version with 11 pins,
and it's less common than the other two sizes.
• 15 x 11 millimeters, 1 millimeter thick - This is the "micro" version with eight pins.
Because it's so small, this size has become popular in mobile devices like
smartphones.
PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION
 SPEED CLASS
• Speed class
• Class 2 which supports 2MB/s speed.
• Class 4 which supports 4MB/s speed
• Class 6 which supports 6MB/s speed
• Class 10 which supports 10MB/s speed or higher speed.
UHS SPEED CLASS

• Ultra High Speed Class

• Comes in three generations
• UHS 1 , UHS 2 and UHS 3
• UHS 1 can support speeds up to speed 104 MB/s
• UHS 2 can support speeds up to speed 314 MB/s
• UHS 3 can support speeds up to speed 624 MB/s
• U1 supports speed upto 10 MB/s
• U3 supports speed upto 30MB/S
VIDEO SPEED CLASS

• V6 which supports 6MB/s speed

• V10 which supports 10MB/s speed
• V30 which supports 30MB/s speed
• V60 which supports 60MB/s speed
• V90 which supports 90MB/s speed
SD EXPRESS

• Supports transfer speed capacity up to 985 MB/S

APPLICATION PERFORMANCE CLASS

• It is a relatively new standard to measure speed.

• It uses No. of Input Output Operation Per second as measuring unit.
• It is of two types A1 and A2
• Application Performance Class 1 supports Read 1500 IOPS and write 500
IOPS.
• Application Performance Class 2 supports Read 4000 IOPS and write 2000
IOPS.
STORAGE CAPACITY

• SDSC or SD Type (Secure Digital Standard Capacity)

• SDHC type(Secure Digital High Capacity)
• SDXC Type(Secure Digital Extended Capacity)
• SDUC Type(Secure Digital Ultra Capacity)
SDSC TYPE

• Secure Digital Standard Capacity.

• Minimum 128 mb and maximum 2GB
• Supports FAT16 File system.
SDHC TYPE

• Secure Digital High Capacity.

• Supports data capacity minimum 2GB upto maximum 32 GB.
• Supports FAT32 file system.
SDXC TYPE

• Secure Digital Extended Capacity.

• Minimum 32 GB up to maximum 2TB.
• Supports FAT32 and exFAT file system.
SDUC TYPE

• Secure Digital Ultra Capacity.

• Suppports data storage capacity from 2TB up to 128TB.
• Supports exFAT file system.
XD PICTURE CARDS

• The xD in the xD-Picture Card stands for eXtreme Digital.

• xD-Picture Card is a flash memory card format, used in digital cameras made
by Olympus and Fujifilm.
• Capacity 16MB to 2 GB
• They are not used in any cameras currently in production.
• The card format is proprietary to Olympus and Fujifilm.
HOW XD PICTURE CARD LOOKS LIKE

Front Side Back Side

XD CARD STANDARD

• Standard xD
• xD M
• xD H
• Xd M+
STANDARD XD

• Two standard types

• 1)Supports write speed of 1.3 MB/s and Read speed of 5 MB/s
• Supports maximum 32MB storage capacity.
• Comes in 16MBand 32MB storage capacities.
• 2) Supports write speed of 3 MB/s and Read speed of 5 MB/s
• Supports maximum 512MB storage capacity.
• Comes in 64MB,128MB,256MB and512MBstorage capacities.
XD M

• Supports write speed of 2.5 MB/s and Read speed of 4 MB/s

• Supports maximum 2GB storage capacity.
• Comes in 256MB,512MB,1GB and 2GB storage capacities.
XD H

• Supports write speed of 4 MB/s and Read speed of 5 MB/s

• Supports maximum 2GB storage capacity.
• Comes in 256MB,512MB,1GB and 2GB storage capacities.
XD M+

• Supports write speed of 3.75 MB/s and Read speed of 6 MB/s

• Supports maximum 2GB storage capacity.
• Comes in 1GB and 2GB storage capacities.
SMARTMEDIA CARD

• SmartMedia is a flash memory card standard owned by Toshiba.

• Capacities ranging from 2 MB to 128 MB.
• SmartMedia memory cards are no longer manufactured.
• SmartMedia card is considered successor of Floppy Disk
• The format was originally named Solid State Floppy Disk Card (SSFDC)
• SmartMedia cards can be used in a standard 3.5" floppy drive by means of
a FlashPath adapter.
WHO SETS SMART CARD STANDARDS

• The SSFDC forum, a consortium aiming to promote SSFDC as an industry

standard, was founded in April 1996
• Consisting of 37 initial members.
HOW SMART MEDIA CARD LOOKS LIKE
FLASH PATH ADAPTER
 SMART MEDIA CARD STANDARDS
• Weight: 2 g and Size: 45.0 × 37.0 × 0.76 mm
• Capacities: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 MB
• Uses 16-Mbit, 32-Mbit, and 64-Mbit Toshiba TC58-compatible NAND-
type flash memory chips
• Flat electrode terminal with 22 pins — (32M & 64M compatible)
• 8-bit I/O Interface (16-bit in some cases)
• Data transfer rate: 2MB/s
• 1,000,000 write cycles
• ten year storage time without power
• metallic write-protect sticker
• Compatible with PCMCIA with an adapter
• Compatible with CompactFlash Type II with an adapter
• Compatible with 3.5" floppy drives using FlashPath adapter
COMPACT FLASH CARD

• CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in

portable electronic devices.
• The format was specified and the devices were first manufactured by SanDisk
in 1994