INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

LECTURE 1 : WEEK 1
CSC-110-T
Credit : (2 + 1) / Week
 TEXT AND REF. BOOKS
2

Text Book:
Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to Computers, 7 /e,
McGraw-Hill
Reference Book:
Gary B (2012), Discovering Computers, 1/e, South
Western
Deborah (2013), Understanding Computers, 14/e,
Cengage Learning
June P & Dan O (2014), New Perspective on Computer,
16/e
 MOBILE ALERT
3

Kindly Switch Off your Mobile/Cell Phone

OR

Switch it to Silent Mode (MUST) Please…

 COURSE ASSESSMENT
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 Assignment ----------------------------- 20%

 Quizzes ----------------------------- 10%
 Mid Term ----------------------------- 20%
 Final ------------------------------- 50%
 Total -----------------------------------100%
 GOOGLE SITE ADDRESS
5

FOR LECTURE NOTES AND STUDY MATERIAL DOWNLOAD,

PLEASE VISIT :

FOR TYPING PRACTICE :

http://www.sense-lang.org/typing/tutor/keyboarding.php
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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 Computer Defined
 Types Of Computer
 Internet
 The Internet’s Major Services
 The World Wide Web
 Understanding the World Wide Web
 Understanding the HTTP
 Understanding the URL
 Using your browser and the World Wide Web
 Searching the Web
 What Is A Computer…
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 An Electronic device
 Converts data into information
 Modern computers are digital
 Two digits combine to make data
 Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
Advantages Disadvantages
 Speed  Violation of Privacy
 Reliability  Impact on Labor Force
 Consistency  Health Risks
 Storage
 Communications

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 Types Based On Principal Of Operation
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There are three different types of computers according to the principles of operation. Those
three types of computers are
 Analog Computers
Analog Computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values.

 Digital Computers
Digital computer operates on binary number system in which there are only two digits 0
and 1. Each one is called a bit.

 Hybrid Computers
A hybrid computer combines the desirable features of analog and digital computers.
10
 Types Based On Configuration
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There are four different types of computers when we classify

them based on their performance and capacity
 Super Computers
 Mainframe Computers
 Mini Computers
 Micro Computers
 Types Based On Configuration
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 Super Computers
The best in terms of processing capacity and also the most expensive ones.
These computers can process billions (floating point) of instructions per
second. Used for applications which require intensive numerical computations
such as stock analysis, weather forecasting etc.
Ex: China's Tianhe-2, IBM Blue Gene (1 Thousand Billion FLOPS/s)

 Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers can also process data at very high speeds i.e.,
hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite
expensive. Normally, they are used in banking, airlines and railways etc
Ex: IBM System z9
 Mainframe Super Computer
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 Types Based On Configuration
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 Mini Computers (Mid range computer)

Mini computers are lower to mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage
capacity. They are also less expensive than mainframe computers. Some of the
features of mainframes will not be available in mini computers.

 Micro Computers
The invention of microprocessor (single chip CPU) gave birth to the much cheaper
micro computers i.e.

 Desktop
 Workstations
 Laptop/Notebook
 Hand Held (PDA’s) etc
 What Is Internet
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 A global computer network

providing a variety of information
and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication
protocols.

 The vast collection of computer

networks which form and act as a
single huge network for transport of
data and messages across distances
which can be anywhere from the
same office to anywhere in the
world.
 Why use the Internet?
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 Apply for jobs or schools

 Fill out government forms
 Check bank accounts
 Communicate with family, friends
and co-workers
 Do research
 Learn new skills
 Read news
 Watch videos
 How to connect to the Internet
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Three main ways to connect to the Internet

 Dial-Up (Old/outdated)
 High Speed/DSL
 Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi)
 Dial-Up Internet Connection
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 Dial-Up
 All you need is a computer, phone-line and Internet Service Provider! (ISP)
 Not as fast as other Internet connections,
but often more affordable

Internet
Your computer Landline ISP
 High Speed (Cable/DSL) Connection
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 Travels through fiber-optic cables

underground

 Needs to be connected by a Modem to

your computer
 Modem: A hub that connects the
computer to the Internet

 Faster than Dial-up

 Wireless Internet Connection (Wi-Fi)
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 Your computer must be a

This is what the
“Wireless enabled” device wireless symbol would
 Your computer can pick up look like if your
signals from different wireless computer was
networks
 Some networks require connected
passwords or a subscription,
others are free
 No physical connection Requi.
 World Wide Web (WWW)
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 Tim Berners-Lee and others at the

European Laboratory for Particle Physics,
more popularly known as CERN, proposed
a new protocol for information distribution
in 1991 based on hypertext

 Hypertext is a system of embedding links in text to link to

other text
 Today and the Future
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 100,000 new web sites per month

 More than 80% of U.S. households online
 Access is available world wide
 Concepts of E-economy, E-world
 Massive impact on social lives
 Internet Growth
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 The Internet’s Major Services
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 The World Wide Web (WWW)

 Developed in 1993 by Tim-Berners
Lee
 Allowed connection of documents
 Required a browser to read
documents

 Electronic mail (e-mail)

 Instantaneous transmission of
documents
 The Internet’s Major Services
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 News
 Often called newsgroups

 Electronic discussions on several topics

 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

 Sends and receives files
 The Internet’s Major Services
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 Chat
 Public real time conversation

 Instant messaging
 Private real time conversation

 Peer-to-peer services
 Allows sharing of files among users
 Illegal to share copyrighted material
 World Wide Web (WWW)
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 T h e Wor l d W i de We b i s s y s t e m o f I n t e r n e t
s e r ve r s t h a t s u p p o r t s p e c i a l l y fo r m a t t e d
documents.
 The documents are formatted in a markup language
called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that
supports links to other documents, as well
as graphics, audio, and video files.
 World Wide Web : Major Parts
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The World Web is based on these technologies:

 HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
 HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 Web servers and Web browsers
 WWW
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 HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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 HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web

 HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and

what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to
various commands

 HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is

executed independently

 The three main HTTP message types are GET, POST, and HEAD
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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 URL is the global address of documents and

other resources on the World Wide Web

 The first part of the URL is called a protocol

identifier, and the second part is called Resource
name and it specifies the IP address or the domain
name where the resource is located.
 URL Explained
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http://www.google.com/index.html
Protocol

Sub domain

Domain Name Resource Name

Top level domain

File Path/Name
 Understanding The Internet
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 A web browser is a software application for retrieving and

presenting information resources on the World Wide Web
OR
Browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and
display content on the World Wide Web, including Web pages,
images, video and other files.

 Read and translate the HTML

 Display web content
 Famous Browsers
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 Search Techniques
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 Quote the exact phrase

 Use the keyword AND
 Use the keyword NEAR
 Avoid common words
 Use the site’s advanced tools
 Search Engine Market Share
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37
 LEARNING OUTCOME
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 After this lecture we have clear understanding of the

following:
 Computer, Types Of Computer
 Internet, The Internet’s Major Services
 Understanding the World Wide Web
 Understanding the HTTP
 Understanding the URL
 Using your browser and the World Wide Web
 Searching the Web
40 END OF LECTURE
Any Questions !!!