What are the

three principles
of Islamic
religion?
Watch and take notes!

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 Islam
Believe – faith

Ethic - Aklak Fiqh - Islamic rules

 SPIRIT and
ETHICS IN
ISLAMIC
CIVILIZATION
 WHAT IS ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY?

• Islam doesn’t view ‘spirituality’ separately from everyday activities.

• In Islam everything is ‘spiritual’ because all actions must be in
accordance with Allah’s pleasure.
• The Prophet Muhammad emphasized on developing a good character
by engaging a constant practice of prayer, meditation, remembrance of
God and other activities, as these actions change the heart and thereby
bring one closer to God.
• “Verily in the body, there is a piece of flesh. If it is sound, the body is all
sound. If it is corrupt, the body is all corrupt. Verily, it is the heart.”
 WHAT IS ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY?

• Islam has a unique view on spirituality

as it encompasses all aspects of the
Muslim’s life. All actions that are
referred to God are spiritual, and these
actions include the supplications we
utter before we go to bed to the type of
bank account we hold.
 Elements of Civilization

1- Every civilization consists of two

elements: a spiritual and ethical element,
and a material element.
2- Civilizations are not measured by
materialistic standards or by quantities or
areas, or by luxurious standards of living.
Rather they are measured by the impact they
have on human history.
 The spirituality and ethics in
Islamic Civilization
• The idea of ethics and spirituality is at the heart of Arab-
Islamic culture and civilization
• meanings: good behaviour, knowledge of manners, etiquette,
rules and and literature.
• its method of attainment can be described to a certain extent.
It is as follows:
• 1-First of all man has to free his mind from confusion. It is
difficult for a confused mind to undergo spiritual experiences.
 The spirituality and ethics in
Islamic Civilization
• The basic reason for confused thinking is that man is not able to
differentiate between the real and the superficial, the relevant
and the irrelevant, rational thinking and superstition, logical and
illogical statements
• 2- On the path of spirituality one cannot be one’s own guide.
And one certainly needs a guide. This guide is the Quran.
• 3- spiritual journey demands a change in lifestyle. This lifestyle
for a spiritual traveller may be put briefly in these words:
‘Simple living and high thinking.:
 Foundational sources for ethics and spirituality in Islam

• 1- The Muslim understanding and interpretations of the

Qur'an and practices of Muhammad Peace be upon him.
• 2- The believe that every human being is called to
"command the good and forbid the evil" in all aspects of
life.
•  3- Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad, like other 
prophets in Islam, was sent by God to remind human
beings of their moral responsibility, and challenge those
ideas in society which opposed submission to God.
 Foundational sources for ethics and spirituality in Islam

• 1- The Muslim understanding and interpretations of the

Qur'an and practices of Muhammad Peace be upon him.
• 2- The believe that every human being is called to
"command the good and forbid the evil" in all aspects of
life.
•  3- Muslims believe that Prophet Muhammad, like other 
prophets in Islam, was sent by God to remind human
beings of their moral responsibility, and challenge those
ideas in society which opposed submission to God.
 Foundational sources for ethics and spirituality in Islam

• 4- Humans are believed to have a 

moral responsibility to submit to God's
will and to follow Islam.
 Road to spirituality in Islam
• 1- Faith: the first necessity for progression along the path of spiritual development. The
mind and heart of a man should always be aware.
• 2-obedience: the second stage is that of obedience , meaning that man gives up his
independence and accepts subservience to Allah. This subservience is called in Islam
(submission).
• 3- consciousness: the third stage is that of taqw~ (Allah-consciousness). It consists in a
practical manifestation of one’s faith in Allah in one’s daily life.
• 4-godliness :The last and the highest stage is that of ihsan (godliness) It signifies that
man has attained highest excellence in words, deeds and thoughts, identifying his will
with the will of Allah and harmonizing it, to the best of his knowledge and ability, with the
Divine will. He thus begins to like what is liked by the Lord and to dislike what He
dislikes.
 Road to spirituality in Islam
• This path of spiritual development is not meant for individuals only but
for communities and nations as well. Like individuals, a community, after
passing through the various stages of spiritual elevation may reach the
ultimate stage of ihs~ n a state also, through all its administrative
machinery, may become mu’min (faithful), muslim (obedient), muttaq§ (God-
conscious) and muhsin (godly).
• In fact, the ideals aimed at by Islam are fully achieved only when the whole
community accepts them and a muttaq§ and muhsin state comes into
existence. The highest form of civilization, based on goodness, is then
reached.
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 Methods of preparing individuals
and society to spirituality in Islam
• The methods that Islam lays down for spiritual development rest, in addition,
obviously, to faith (Im~ n), on five pillars:
• 1- Prayer: The first is the Prayer (Salat), which brings man into communion
with Allah five times a day, reviving his remembrance, reiterating his fear,
developing his love, reminding him of this Divine commands again, and thus
preparing him for obedience to Allah.
• 2-Fast: the second is the Fast (Sawm), which for a full month every year trains
each man individually, and the Muslim community as a whole, in righteousness
and self-restraint,; it enables society, the rich and the poor alike, to experience
hunger, and prepares people to undergo any hardships in their search to please
Allah.
 Methods of preparing individuals
and society to spirituality in Islam
• 3- Zakat: he third is the Almsgiving (Zakat), which develops the sense of monetary
sacrifice, sympathy and co-operation among Muslims. There are people who wrongly
interpret Zakat as a tax; in fact, the spirit underlying Zakat is entirely different from
that of a tax.The real meaning of Zakat is sublimity and purification.
• 4-Piligrimage: the fourth is the Pilgrimage (Hajj), which aims at fostering that
universal brotherhood of the faithful which is based on the worship of Allah, and
which results in a worldwide movement that has been responding to the call of Truth
throughout the centuries and will, Allahwilling, go on answering this call till eternity.
• This is the highest spirituality, rooted in the real world, which Islam wants to
cultivate. Life-affirmation based on goodness and piety, and not life-denial, is what
Islam stands for. And this lends a unique character to Islam.
 The benefits of Allah’s
consciousness
• God consciousness is an essential element in Islamic spiritual
practice, without it, the Muslim’s behavior and attitude are
corrupted. The benefits of God consciousness as derived from the
Qur’an are:
• 1- Guidance: because of His words “guidance for the muttaqeen (the
people of God consciousness)”.
• 2-Help: because of His words “Truly, Allah is with the people who have
taqwa (God consciousness)”.
• 3-Closeness with God: because of His words, “Allah is the close friend of
the muttaqeen”.
 The benefits of Allah’s
consciousness
• 4-Love: because of His words, “Truly Allah loves the muttaqeen”.
• 5-A way out from unhappiness, and provision from where one does
not expect because of His words, “Whoever has taqwa of Allah He will
make a way out for him and provide him from where he does not expect”.
• 6-Facilitation of affairs because of His words, “Whoever has taqwa of
Allah He will make ease for him in his affair”.
• 7-Full covering over of wrong actions and magnification of rewards
because of His words, “Whoever has taqwa of God He will cover over his
wrong actions and magnify a reward for him”
 The Role of Spirituality in Emotional and Mental Well-Being

• Ibn Ḥazm (d. 456 AH), the famous Andalusian scholar of Islām said, “I searched
for a common goal amongst humankind, to which all would agree to strive for
excellence. I have not found anything other than the beat of anxiety [hamm].”
• The pursuit of emotional balance and the dissipation of anxiety is indeed
universal and continues until today.
• Rates of depression have dramatically increased between 1988 to 2008 in the
United States. The rate of suicide tripled in the young (ages 15-24) between
1950 and 2000.
• Perhaps surprisingly, suicide rates are much higher in wealthier nations than in
poorer countries.
 Moral and spiritual commandments in Islam

•  in surat Al-israa chapter 17th , the Qur'an provides a set of moral stipulations

which are "among the (precepts of) wisdom:
• 1- Worship only God: Do not make with Allah another god; lest you will sit
disgraced and forsaken. (Quran 17:22).
• 2- Be kind, honourable and humble to one's parents: And your Lord has
decreed that you not worship except Him alone, and to be good to the parents.
Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them
[so much as], a word of disrespect, and do not repel them but speak to them a
noble word. (Quran 17:23) And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy
and say, "My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was]
small." (Quran 17:24)
 Moral and spiritual commandments in Islam

•  3- Be neither miserly nor wasteful in one's expenditure: And

give the relative his right, and [also] the poor and the traveler,
and do not spend wastefully. (Quran 17:26) Indeed, the
spendthrifts are brothers of the devil, and the devil is, to his lord,
ungrateful. (Quran 17:27) And if you [must] turn away from the
needy awaiting mercy from your Lord which you expect, then
speak to them a gentle word. (Quran 17:28) And do not make your
hand [as] chained to your neck or extend it to its utmost reach, so
that you [thereby] become blamed and insolvent. (Quran 17:29)
 Moral and spiritual commandments in Islam

• 4- Do not engage in 'mercy killings' for fear of starvation: And do

not kill your children for fear of poverty. We provide for them and for
you. Indeed, their killing is ever a great sin. (Quran 17:31).
• 5-Do not commit adultery: And do not approach unlawful sexual
intercourse. Indeed, it is an immorality and an evil way. (Quran 17:32).
• 6-Do not kill unjustly: And do not kill the soul which Allah has
forbidden, except by right. And whoever is killed unjustly - We have
given his heir authority, but let him not exceed limits in [the matter of]
taking life. Indeed, he has been supported [by the law]. (Quran 17:33)
 Moral and spiritual commandments in Islam

• 7- Care for orphaned children: And do not approach the property of an orphan,

except in the way that is best, until he reaches maturity...(Quran 17:34).

• 8-Keep one's promises: ...fulfill (every) engagement [i.e. promise/covenant], for

(every) engagement will be questioned (on the Day of Reckoning). (Quran 17:34)

• 9-Be honest and fair in one's interactions: And give full measure when you
measure, and weigh with an even balance. That is the best [way] and best in result. (
Quran 17:35)
 Moral and spiritual commandments in Islam

• 10- Do not be arrogant in one's claims or beliefs: And

do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge. Indeed,
the hearing, the sight and the heart - all those will be
questioned. (Quran 17:36) And do not walk upon the earth
exultantly. Indeed, you will never tear the earth [apart], and
you will never reach the mountains in height. (Quran 17:37).
•
 
 Medical ethics In Islam
• he ethical standards of Muslim physicians was first laid down in the 9th century by Ishaq
ibn 'Ali al-Ruhawi, who wrote the Adab al-Tabib (Conduct of a Physician), the first treatist
dedicated to medical ethics. He regarded physicians as "guardians of souls and bodies",
and wrote twenty chapters on various topics related to medical ethics, including:
• What the physician must avoid and beware of
• The manners of visitors
• The care of remedies by the physician
• The dignity of the medical profession
• The examination of physicians
• The removal of corruption among physicians
 Military ethics in Islam
• The early Islamic treatises on international law from the 9th
century onwards covered the application of Islamic ethics, 
Islamic economic jurisprudence  and Islamic military jurisprudence
 to international law,[71] and were concerned with a number of
modern international law topics, including the law of treaties; the
treatment of diplomats, hostages, refugees and prisoners of war;
the right of asylum; conduct on the battlefield ; protection of
women, children and non-combatant civilians; contracts across the
lines of battle; the use of poisonous weapons; and devastation of
enemy territory.
 Welfare in Islam

• The concepts of welfare were introduced in early Islamic law as

forms of Zakat (charity), one of the Five Pillars of Islam, since
the time of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur in the 8th century. The
taxes (including Zakat and Jizya) collected in the treasury of an
Islamic government was used to provide income for the needy,
including the poor, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled.
• According to the Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111),
the government was also expected to store up food supplies in
every region in case a disaster or famine occurs.
 Animal welfare

• Concern for the treatment of animals can be found in the Qur'an and in the
teachings of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, which inspired debates over animal
rights by later medieval Muslim scholars.
• The 10th-century work, "Disputes Between Animals and Man", part of the
Epistles of the Brethren of Purity, has been considered a classic in this regard.
Inspired by the Qur'anic verse: "all the creatures that crawl on the earth and
those that fly with their wings are communities like yourselves" (6:38),
• the Shafi'i jurist 'Izz al-Din Ibn 'Abd al-Salam al-Sulami (d. 1262) formulated the
first full-fledged charter of the rights of livestock and animals in his legal treatise
Rules for Judgement in the Cases of Living Beings (Qawa'id al-ahkam fi masalih
al-anam) which was based on the stories and sayings of prophet Muhammad.