DR. Restu Syamsul Hadi,M.

Kes
Two types of gamete :
 Spermatozoon
 Ovum

Ukuran Spermatozoon << Ovum

Spermatozoa (jamak)
Spermatozoon (tunggal)
IN HUMAN MALES

 spermatogenesis do not begin in the

testes until puberty
 go on continuously in the epithelial
lining of very long, tightly coiled tubes,
called seminiferous

 Immature germ cells, called

spermatogonia (singular,
spermatogonium),
 are located around the outer edge
of these tubes next to the basal
lamina,
 they proliferate continuously by
mitosis.
 Some of the daughter cells stop proliferating and
differentiate into primary spermatocytes.
 These cells enter the first meiotic prophase, in which their
paired homologous chromosomes participate in
crossing-over,
 then proceed with division I of meiosis to produce two
secondary spermatocytes,
 each containing 22 duplicated autosomal
chromosomes and either a duplicated X or a duplicated
Y chromosome.
 The two secondary spermatocytes derived from
each primary spermatocyte proceed through
meiotic division II to produce four spermatids,
 each with a haploid number of single
chromosomes.
 These haploid spermatids then undergo
morphological differentiation into sperm
 The sperm subsequently pass into the epididymis, a
coiled tube overlying the testis, where they
undergo further maturation and are stored.
Pg. 985 Campbell Page 985 Campbel
Spermatogenesis

 Production of sperm
 Continuous and prolific
 Each ejaculation contains ~100-650
million sperm
 Occurs in the testes
 Seminiferous tubules
An intriguing feature of spermatogenesis is :

the developing male germ cells fail to complete

cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) during mitosis
and meiosis.
large clones of differentiating daughter cells that
have descended from one maturing
spermatogonium remain connected by
cytoplasmic bridges, forming a syncytium
The cytoplasmic bridges persist until the very end
of sperm differentiation, when individual sperm
are released into the tubule lumen.
This accounts for the observation that mature
sperm arise synchronously in any given area of a
seminiferous tubule.
Conclutions

Spermatogenesis do not begin in the testes

until puberty
go on continuously in the epithelial lining of
very long, tightly coiled tubes, called
seminiferous tubules
spermatogenesis new germ cells enter meiosis
continually from the time of sexual maturation,
with each diploid primary spermatocyte giving
rise to four haploid mature sperm.
The process of sperm differentiation occurs
after meiosis is complete
In human females,

 oogonia proliferate only in the fetus, enter meiosis before

birth,
 become arrested as oocytes in the first meiotic prophase,
 they may remain for up to 50 years.
 Individual oocytes mature from this strictly limited stock
and are ovulated at intervals, generally one at a time,
 Ovulated is beginning at puberty
Campbell

Growing follicle
 Oogonia enter meiosis profase I and
are now termed ‘oocytes’ arrested
until birth

 These growing follicles are a

consistent feature of ovaries during
childhood

 It reduce the ovarian reserve from

around 700 000 at birth to 300 000 at
puberty

 The timing of meiotic entry influence

the quality of oocyte quality

 The timing of entry to meiosis has

been proposed as one possible
mechanism by which the maternal
age-associated increase in
chromosomal abnormalities in
children could arise.

 The so-called ‘first-in, first-out’