LECTURE 3

Control Valves

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 What is Valve?
It is all but impossible to design a practical fluid power
system without some means of controlling the volume
and pressure of the fluid and directing the flow of fluid
to the operating units.

2
 Classifications
The different types of valves used in fluid power systems,
their classification, and their application are discussed in
this chapter.
Valves are classified according to their use:
Pressure control
Directional control
Flow control
Some valves have multiple functions that fall into more than
one classification.

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 Pressure Control Valves
The safe and efficient operation of fluid power
systems, system components, and related
equipment requires a means of controlling
pressure.
There are many types of automatic pressure
control valves. Some of them merely provide an
escape for pressure that exceeds a set pressure;
some only reduce the pressure to a lower
pressure system or subsystem; and some keep
the pressure in a system within a required range.

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 Pressure Relief Valve (Pilot Operated)
PILOT POPPET
PILOT SPRING
PILOT SEAT
PLUNGER
PILOT
SPACER
PRESSURE
ADJ.
KNOB
VENT
COLLAR
PORT

PRESSURE SPACER
PORT MAIN SPRING
MAIN PISTON
SEAT
Graphic Symbol
TANK
PORT Using
Vent
Port

6
 Pressure Reducing Valve
Pressure-reducing valves provide a steady pressure into a
system that operates at a lower pressure than the supply
system. A reducing valve can normally be set for any
desired downstream pressure within the design limits of
the valve.
Once the valve is set, the reduced pressure will be
maintained regardless of changes in supply pressure (as
long as the supply pressure is at least as high as the
reduced pressure desired) and regardless of the system
load, providing the load does not exceed the design
capacity of the reducer.

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Counter Balance Valve

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 Counter Balance Valve
The use of counter balance valve is to keep a vertically
mounted cylinder in upward position.

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 Sequence Valves
Sequence valves control the sequence of operation
between two branches in a circuit; that is, they
enable one unit to automatically set another unit into
motion.
An example of the use of a sequence valve is in an
aircraft landing gear actuating system.
In a landing gear actuating system, the landing gear doors
must open before the landing gear starts to extend.
Conversely, the landing gear must be completely
retracted before the doors close.

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Sequence Valve

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Direction Control valve

20
Spool Valve

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 Solenoid Operated Directional Valve
SPRING
RECEPTACLE FOLLOWER
SPRING
SOL a SOL b
PLUNGER

PUSH PIN
T B P A NUT
SPOOL
COIL ASSEMBLY
IRON CORE
ASSEMBLY

SOLENOID
ASSEMBLY

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Manually Operated Directional Valve
#2
No – Spring
Detented Models #1

#3
P
A B
LEVER

Graphic Symbol
#1 #2 #3
A B
SPOOL T
DETENT P T

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 Mechanically Operated Directional
Valves
Cam Operated Type
ROLLER

Cam LEVER PUSH PIN

Graphic Symbol

A B
SPOOL SPRING
T B P A
P T

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Check Valve

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 Check Valve
Inline Type Right Angle Type
OUTLET PORT

SPRING

OUTLET
POPPET PORT
SEAT

Graphic Symbol

INLET PORT INLET PORT

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 Flow Control Valves
Flow control valves are used to regulate the flow of
fluids in fluid-power systems.
Control of flow in fluid-power systems is important
because the rate of movement of fluid-powered
machines depends on the rate of flow of the
pressurized fluid.
These valves may be manually, hydraulically,
electrically, or pneumatically operated.

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 Throttle Valve
FLOW ADJ. HANDLE PUSH ROD

SPOOL

OUTLET INLET
PORT PORT

Graphic Symbol

SPRING

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 Throttle & Check Valve
FLOW ADJ. HANDLE

PISTON

SPOOL

CONTROLLED CONTROLLED
FLOW OUTLET FLOW INLET
OR OR
FREE FLOW FREE FLOW
INLET OUTLET
Graphic Symbol

SPRING

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 Hydraulic Control Technology

Servo valve New Series

Proportional valves

Closed Loop
Performance

Hybrid series Proportional

Increasing

Open Loop
Proportional Valves Proportional

Conventional
Valves

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 Devices For The Proportional Control
Indication
Feedback signal in
Power Closed Loop Circuit
Setting Device Amplifier Prop. Valve Sensor

Manual DC input Pilot Relief Valve The Sensor

Dialing type Relief Valves detects the
Relieving & Controlled
DC input
Program Reducing valves Pressure,
with
Control Flow control Flow Rate
feedback
(& check) valves and Speed
Computer type
Throttle Valves etc., and
Control Slow up – Power Saving converts it
down. Valves to electric
Direction & Flow signal.
DC VOLTAGE DC CURRENT control Valves

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 Principle of Operation
Plunger Coil

Spring Force

Magnetic Force

D C Current

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 Principle Of Solenoid Operation

Electro Magnet

Permanent Magnet

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 Construction Details of Prop. Solenoid

Manual Adj. Iron Core

Screw

Air Vent Coil Bearing

Spring

Air Gap
Plunger

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 Proportional Electro – Hydraulic Pilot Relief
Valve With
PLUNGER
COIL Safety Valve
SPRING

PLUNGER POPPET
SEAT SPRING
AIR VENT

Pr. Adj.
MANUAL PR.
Screw for
ADJ. SCREW IRON CORE Safety valve
TANK PRESSURE
PORT PORT

Without
Safety Valve

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 Proportional Electro – Hydraulic Relief & Flow Control
Valve
40 - 10 Series FLOW CONTROL
SOLENOID

PROPORTIONAL
PILOT RELIEF
VALVE WITH
SAFETY VALVE

TANK DRAIN
INLET PORT OUTLET PORT
PORT PORT

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 Proportional Electro – Hydraulic Directional And Flow
Control Valve

Max. Op. Pr. : 250 Kgf / Cm2

Max. Flow : 01  30 L/ min
03  60 L/ min

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 Comparison Between Conventional And
Proportional Valves

SL.
No. Description Conventional Proportional
1 Setting Mechanical Electrical
2 Stage Control Single Multiple
3 Slope Control In Steps Smooth Slope
4 Circuit Complex Simple
5 Size of Blocks, Pipes Large Small
6 Power Saving Circuit Complicated Simple
7 Feedback Not Available Available

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 Salient Features of Electro Proportional
Valves
Basic Just Like
Conventional Simple High
Structure
Valve Reliability

Wet Longer Easy to Use

Solenoid Service
Armature
Life Easy to
Type
Maintain

Directly High
Operated Powerful Resistance
Type Driving Against
Contamination

With Current
Amplifier Feedback Function, Stable Control
Dither

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 Servo Valve

A servo valve is a directional valve which may be

infinitely positioned to provide control of both the
amount and the direction of fluid flow.
A servo valve coupled with the proper feedback sensing
devices provides very accurate control of the position,
velocity or acceleration of an actuator .

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 Electro-hydraulic Two Stage Servo Valve
ARMATURE NULL ADJUST MAGNET
UPPER POLEPLATE
LOWER POLEPLATE
FLAPPER
NOZZLE
COIL FEEDBACK SPRING
BUSHING

SPOOL

INLET ORIFICE

P A R B INLET FILTER

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 Servo Valve - Operation
No Signal to Valve

Service Service
R P

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 Servo Valve - Operation

Signal applied to
torque motor & spool
about to move.

Service Service
R P

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 Servo Valve - Operation

Equilibrium
condition with
signal applied.

Service
R Service P

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 Electro-hydraulic Three Stage Servo Valve

PILOT VALVE
SLEEVE
L.V.D.T
SPOOL

Drain
Port A P B R

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