SELF-EFFICACY

THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN AGENCY

 ONE HAS THE POWER TO
PRODUCE CHANGES BY ONE’S
ACTIONS.
SELF-EFFICACY

• Affects actions not only directly, but through it’s impacts on other classes
of determinants as well.
• Once people commit themselves to value goals, they seek self-satisfaction
from fulfilling them and intensify their efforts by discontent with
substandard performances.
GOALS

• Structured hierarchically in which proximal goals guides and motivate

actions in the here and now that subserve broader goals reflecting matters
of personal value.
 CHALLENGING GOALS RAISES
MOTIVATION AND
PERFORMANCE ATTAINMENTS.
EXPECTANCY-VALUE THEORY

• Motivation is the product of the expectation that a given course of action

will produce certain outcomes and the value places on those outcomes.
• People act on their beliefs about what they can do as well as their beliefs
about the likely outcomes of performances.
SELF-EFFICACY THEORY

• Bandura (1995) explains that it "refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the
courses of action required to manage prospective situations"
• Self-efficacy is what an individual believes he or she can accomplish using his or her skills under certain
circumstances (Snyder & Lopez, 2007)
HOW TO BUILD SELF-EFFICACY

STEPS:
• Begins with taking one step at a time.
• Review past successes.
• Visualize your success
• Find a role-model
• Recognize that thoughts of self-doubt will come and have a plan for
addressing them.
• Find positive social support
SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS
THREE BASIC SCALES JUDGEMENTS OF SELF-EFFICACY THAT
ARE GENERALLY MEASURED

• Self-efficacy magnitude measures the difficulty level (e.g. easy, moderate, and hard) an individual feels
is required to perform a certain task (Van der Bijl & Shortridge-Baggett, 2002).
• Self-efficacy strength refers to the amount of conviction an individual has about performing successfully
at diverse levels of difficulty (Van der Bijl & Shortridge-Baggett, 2002).
• Generality of self-efficacy refers to the "degree to which the expectation is generalized across situations
(Lunenburg, 2011).
DETERMINING SELF EFFICACY JUDGEMENTS

• Performance Outcomes: According to Bandura, performance outcomes or past experiences, are the
most important source of self-efficacy. Positive and negative experiences can influence the ability of an
individual to perform a given task.
• Vicarious Experiences: People can develop high or low self-efficacy vicariously through other people’s
performances. A person can watch someone in a similar position perform, and then compare his own
competence with the other individual’s competence (Bandura, 1977).
• Verbal Persuasion: According to Redmond (2010), self-efficacy is also influenced by encouragement and
discouragement pertaining to an individual’s performance or ability to perform.
• Physiological Feedback(emotional arousal): People experience sensations from their body and how they
perceive this emotional arousal influences their beliefs of efficacy (Bandura, 1977).