Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Handbook
© ABB Group - 1 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Electric Power Systems
M
G
© ABB Group - 2 -
IR
IS
© ABB Group - 3 -
IT
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Need for fault calculations
- U + In
k
© ABB Group - 6 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Three-winding Transformer
-U +
k
In
In
-U +
k
+ Uk -
In
© ABB Group - 7 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Equivalent Y of a Three-winding Transformer
Z M
Z H
Z L
© ABB Group - 8 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Zero-sequence Representation of Transformers
Zero sequence
Y D
Y D
Y Y
Y Y
© ABB Group - 9 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Typical Values
Xd I
+ +
Ef U
-
-
© ABB Group - 11 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Fault Current from a Synchronous Machine
-10 0 -10 0
0 0. 05 0. 1 0. 15 1. 35 1. 4 1. 45 1. 5
-10 0 -10 0
0 0. 05 0. 1 0. 15 1. 35 1. 4 1. 45 1. 5
10 0 10 0
Fault current phase T
-10 0 -10 0
0 0. 05 0. 1 0. 15 1. 35 1. 4 1. 45 1. 5
© ABB Group - 12 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Typical Values
Type Xd Xd´´
Hydro Generator 1.0 0.15
Steam Generator 2.0 0.25
© ABB Group - 13 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Double-circuit Transmission Line
A B
A1 Z ,Z B1
1 0
Z
m0
A2 Z ,Z B2
1 0
© ABB Group - 14 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Representation of a Double-circuit Line
A B
Z -Z
A1 0 m0
Z
m0
A2
Z -Z
0 m0
© ABB Group - 15 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Symmetrical Components
Va = Ua sin (wt)
Va = Ua = Ua/_0°
Va = (V0 + V1 + V2)
Z 1 Z2 Z 0
E
© ABB Group - 21 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Resistive Phase-to-earth Fault
c
b
a
R f
© ABB Group - 22 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Sequence Network for Single Phase-to-earth
Fault
Z1
Z2 3R f
Z0
© ABB Group - 23 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Phase-to-phase-to-earth Fault
c
b
a
R f R f
R j
© ABB Group - 24 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Sequence Network for Phase-to-phase-to-earth
Fault
R R R +3R
f f f j
Z1 Z2 Z0
E
© ABB Group - 25 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
A Faulted Power System
B C
A
Ph - Ea
© ABB Group - 26 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Sequence Network for the Faulty System
-
E
+
0
© ABB Group - 27 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Balanced fault calculations
© ABB Group - 28 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Equivalent circuit
© ABB Group - 29 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Unbalanced fault calculation
© ABB Group - 30 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Sequence Network
© ABB Group - 31 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Phase currents on 16kV side
© ABB Group - 32 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations
Phase currents on 16kV side
© ABB Group - 33 -
14-Feb-20
© ABB Group - 34 -
14-Feb-20
Fault calculations