GANDHI INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY
AND MANAGEMENT ,
BBSR- 752054
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
BY
SUBSTATION
‘VISHAL CHIK BARAIK’
‘REGD NO-F17137002053’
‘DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGG’
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE
OF
“SUDEEP PADHI”
 CERTIFICATE

•This is to certify that “VISHAL CHIK BARAIK”

of 6th sem of ELECTRICAL Engg”,
Bearing Regd NO-”F17137002053” has
satisfactory completed the seminar report
on Substation in the partial fulfilment of
requirement for the “Diploma in ELECTRICAL
Engg” under “State Council For Technical
Eduaction & Vocational
Traning”,BBSR,Odisha.
I recommended this piece of work for
acceptance as the project in the Academic
Curriculum.

*(Seminar Guidance)
SUDEEP PADHI
*(HOD ME Diploma)
SUDEEP PADHI
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude and

appreciation to Sudeep Padhi, Dept of
electrical engg”for his constant and valuable
guidance which help in implimenting my
seminar topic . He developed his invaluable
time in providing me the guidance at every
step in the seminar topic.
I would like to express my gratitude to “Sudeep
Padhi’’ HOD of electrical diploma” GITAM
Bhubaneswar for providing me with this
opportunity and for his great help and co
operation.

VISHAL CHIK BARAIK

Regd No –F17137002053
Electrical Engg ,6th Sem
 OUTLINE

*Introduction
*Basic Power System
*Substations
*Classifications of
Substatations
*Components of
Substations
*Conclusion
 ABSTRACT
* This paper is an overview of major
components used in power system.
All components of power system are
virtually seen in substations.
This discussion focuses on
substation, classifications and on
some major components that can be
found and are in regular use in
substations.
 INTRODUCTION
Electric power is produced at the
power generating stations, which are
generally located far away from the
load centers.

High voltage transmission lines are

used to transmit the electric power
from the generating stations to the
load centers.

Substations are basically

transformation or switching stations.
They receive power transmitted at
high voltage from the generating
stations and reduce the voltage to a
value suitable for distribution.
BASIC POWER SYSTEM

Electric Power Systems

are
comprised of components
that
transform other forms of
energy into electrical
energy and transmit this
energy to a consumer.
Electric power system
equipment
are electrical components
used in the
generation, transmission,
protection,
distribution, control and
utilization of
electric power in the
industries,
factories, offices and
homes. [1, 2]
 SUBSTATIONS
Single line schematic arrangement of
power substation

Substations are
assembly of electrical
components to form a
link between generating
stations, transmission
systems
and distribution
systems.[3]
CLASSIFFICATION OF SUBSTATION

Substations may be classified in according to

service requirements and constructional
features.
According to service requirements it is classified
into:
Transformer Substations: They are used to
transform power from one voltage level to
another voltage level. They are further classified
into Step-up substations, Primary grid
substations, Secondary substations and
Distribution
substations.
Switching substations: These substations are
meant for switching operations of power lines
without transforming the voltage.
Converting substation: are meant for either
converting AC to DC or viceversa. Some are used
to change the frequency from higher to lower or
vice versa for industry utilizations.
 CLASSIFFICATION OF SUBSTATION
According to constructional features, substations
are classified into:

Indoor substations: All equipment of the

substation are installed within the station
buildings.

Outdoor substations: All equipment such as

transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, etc., are
installed outdoors.

Underground substations: In thickly populated

areas where the space is the major constraint,
and cost of land is higher, under such situation the
substations are laid underground

Pole mounted substations: This is an outdoor

substation with equipment installed overhead on
a H pole or 4 pole structure.
COMPONENTS Of SUBSTATION

Power Transformers:
Power transformers are used in generation
and transmission
network for stepping-up the voltage at
generating station and
stepping-down the voltage for distribution.

Figure 3.Power
Transformer
 a. Current transformer
Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers
are used to stepdown the
current or voltage to
measurable values. They
provide standardized,
useable levels of current or
voltage in a variety of
power monitoring and
measurement applications. b. Potential Transformer

These are further classified

into two types. a. Current
Transformers
b. Voltage Transformers
Both current and voltage
instrument transformers
are designed to have
predictable characteristics
on overloads. [3]
 Circuit breakers

Circuit breakers are used

for opening or closing a
circuit under normal as
well as abnormal (faulty)
conditions. The circuit
breakers are used to
break the circuit if any
fault occurs in any of the
instrument. Different
types of CBs which are
generally used are oil
circuit breaker, air-blast
circuit breaker,
vacuum circuit breaker
and SF6 circuit breaker.
 Isolators or Isolating switches:
Isolators are employed in substations to isolate a part of
the system for general maintenance. Isolator switches are
operated only under no load condition. They are provided
on each side of every circuit breaker.
Lightning arresters (LA):
Lightning arresters are the protective devices used for
protection of equipment from lightning strokes. They are
located at the starting of the substation and also provided
near the transformer terminals.
Earth switch:
It is a switch normally kept open and connected between
earth and conductor for the purpose of safely discharging
the residual charges on the conductor or circuit to earth.
They are provided for the safety of personnel carrying out
work on a piece of equipment.
Wave trap:
This equipment is installed in the substation for trapping
the high frequency communication signals sent on the line
from remote substation and diverting them to the telecom
panel in the substation control room. [3].
 Coupling capacitor:
A coupling capacitor is used in substations where
communication is done by AC power line. It offers very
low impedance to high frequency carrier signal and
allows them to enter the line matching unit and blocks
the low frequency signal.
Auto-Reclosure Facility
This facility is normally incorporated into High Voltage
circuit breakers that are used for controlling the
operation of overhead transmission lines and distance
protection scheme. This type of circuit breaker restores
continuity of supply after a transient fault interruption.
Otherwise, it will open permanently if the fault persists.
[2]
Insulator
The purpose of the insulator is to insulate the electrically
charged part of any
equipment from another charged part or uncharged
metal part. In case of the high voltage overhead
transmission and distribution insulators are used to
insulate the live conductor from the transmission towers.
The insulators used in transmission and distribution
system are also required to carry large tensional or
compressive load.
 Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT):
A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer
used in power systems
to step-down extra high voltage signals and provide low
voltage signals either
for measurement or to operate a protective relay.
DC Power Supply
DC power is used to feed essential services such as circuit
breaker trip coils
and associated relays, supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) and
communications equipment.
Bus bar:
This is a very low impedance and high current carrying
capacity conductor
having multiple numbers of incoming and outgoing lines
electrically connected and operating at the same voltage.
Bus scheme:
The Bus scheme is the arrangement of overhead bus bar
and associated
switching equipment in a substation. The operational
flexibility and reliability of the substation greatly depends
upon the bus scheme.
 Criteria for Selection of Bus Bar Scheme
*The Main Criteria to be considered during Selection of
one Particular Bus Bar Arrangement among Others are
(i) Simplicity of system.
(ii) Easy maintenance of different equipment.
(iii) Minimizing the outage during maintenance.
(iv) Future provision of extension with growth of
demand.
Bus Bar Arrangements
*Some very commonly used bus bar arrangements are:
Single Bus System
Single Section Bus System
Double Bus System
Double Breaker System
One and Half Breaker Bus System
Transfer Bus System
Double Bus System with Bypass Isolator
Ring Bus System
Their single line representation are as shown in the next
slide
 CONCLUSION
*This paper provided an insight into
the basics of substations and major
components of power systems. The
functions of some components and
different type of substations were
discussed. It is not exhaustive. The
associative systems in a substation
were highlighted in the table.
Discussions on them may be
subsequent or at other fora. However,
these basics are enough as guide to an
interested investor and for engineering
personnel in the sector.
REFERENCES
1. Google Encyclopedia .
2. www.powerelectricalblog.com
 THANK YOU

MADE BY-VISHAL CHIK BARAIK

DIPLOMA 3RD YEAR
F17137002053
ELECTRICAL ENGG