VALVES

NON-RETURN VALVE

 This type of valve allows the flow of fluid only in one direction and
avoids the flow in reverse.
 The flow through the non-return valve causes a relatively large
pressure drop .
Types of NRV’s:
 Ball check valve
 Tilting disc valve
 Diaphragm check valve
 GATE VALVE

 Gate valves are used to permit or prevent flow of liquids.

 They are used to regulate flow.
Areas of usage : used at the discharge side of the pump along with other
valves, as one valve alone can’t control the impact of pressurised steam
or liquid.
 DIAPHRAGM VALVE

Diaphragm valve consists of two parts of a diaphragm.

 A weir.
 And a saddle.
These valves can only regulate fluid flow, no complete obstruction for flow is
obtained.
 NEEDLE VALVE

 The mechanism depends upon movement of needle with respect to

hole from which fluid flows.
 When the needle moves towards hole the flow is obstructed and
when the needle moves away from hole allows flow of fluid through
discharge.
 BUTTERFLY VALVE

 This type of valve contain a circular door connected to a handle wheel

through a shaft.
 On rotating wheel the door is also rotated hence we can avail flow or
prevent flow through pipe.
 It is used at pump houses like LLPH,HLPH,TPH.
 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT’S-ETP’S

 ETP’S involve purification of water that is used in industry and then it is

used in different ways.
ETP block consists of the following four main sections
 Sea water-cooling water system
 Sea water-fire water system
 Sea water-fresh water system
 Refinery –effluent water system
Before discussing about these sections we need to discuss about LLPH and
HLPH.
 LLPH-LOW LIFT PUMP HOUSE
No of pumps:6 vertical propeller types(4 motor driven+2 diesel driven) ,MP-motor
driven pump; D.P-diesel engine driven pumps.
Capacity:4800m3/hr
Normal requirement:3 pumps

M.P M.P M.P M.P D.P D.P

Outlet canal to
H.L.P.H

Sea water Suction

 HLPH-HIGH LIFT PUMP HOUSE
No of pumps:5(4 steam turbine driven centrifugal type +1 motor driven)
Normal requirement:3 pumps
TO UNITS

T.P T.P T.P T.P M.P

Pumps suction canal from LLPH

 SEA WATER –COOLING WATER SYSTEM
There are two types of sea-water cooling water system in HPCL refinery.
 Once through cooling water system
 Recirculation cooling water system
Once through cooling water system

Sea bay L.L.P.H Canal

VR&VREP
H.L.P.H
Refinery units

Process: water from sea bay is lifted by low lift pump house and sent to canal from
which HLPH sucks up water and sends it to refinery and its units.
 RECIRCULATING COOLING WATER SYSTEM

Sea bay L.L.P.H Canal

Sea water
VREP2&VRCFP H.L.P.H
cooling
refining units
tower

Process: In this cooling water system HLPH water is pumped to cooling towers for
make up of water.
 COOLING TOWERS

 Cooling towers are used in order to cool the hot water that are
directed from refinery, also water is supplied from hlph in order
to make up the water cooled from refinery units.
 SEA WATER-FIRE WATER SYSTEM
Emergency
Sea bay Canal
pump at LLPH

Entire refinery fire H.L.P.H

water header

Used Fire water at ATP&ETP’S

Emergency
pumps at ETP2
 ADDITIONAL TANKAGE PROJECT(ATP)
TANKS
The following items are provided on storage tanks to ensure safe and proper
operation:
 One or more shell man ways are provided on shell plate for cleaning or
repairing internals of tanks.
 Nozzle for semi(or) siphon water draw is also provided for each tank.
 One or more roof man ways are provided for entry and ventilation during
repairs inside the tank.
 TYPES OF TANKS
There are two types of tanks:
 Cone Roof Tanks.
 Floating Roof Tanks.
Cone Roof Tanks:
 This type of a tank has a variable vapour space between the oil surface
and the roof of the tank.
 The roof is solidly attached to the tank walls and is supported by
columns,girders and rafters.
 One or more explosion hatches are provided on each cone roof tank
depending on the capacity of the tank so that when there is excessive
pressure the cover will be thrown open and pressure will be relieved
quickly.
Floating Roof Tanks:
 For economical bulk storage of volatile liquids with a high degree of safety
floating roof tanks are used.
 The roof rests on the surface of the liquid and moves up and down as the
liquid is pumped into or out of the tank.
 Since the metal roof floating is in contact with the liquid ,immediate
dissipation of electric charges on the liquid is achieved , so these advantages
are lost when the roof is in landing position and there will be heavy
generation of vapours.
 A floating roof should not be landed in normal operating conditions, if the
roof lands inadvertently it should be brought to floatation immediately.
 TYPES OF DRAIN SYSTEMS
There are two types of drain systems:
 Jack Knife Roof Drain(JKRD)
 Emergency Roof Drain(ERD)
There is another system i.e siphon system

Jack Knife Roof Drain(JKRD):

 All floating roof tanks are provided with JKRD’s for draining water collected on the
roof during wet weather.
 The water collected on the roof shall be drained to open canal.

Note:
 The check valve in the JKRD sump on the floating roof shall be checked for
effectiveness during pre-monsoon checks
Emergency Roof Drain(ERD):
 In the event of failure of roof drains, to avoid excessive
accumulation of rain water on the floating roof, emergency roof
drain pipes of a few centimeters height are provided on the roof.
 The rain water collected over and above this level will go into the
tank through ERD pipes avoiding roof collapse, ERD pipes are
connected with water seal troughs.

Note:
 The ERD’s should be always filled with water for proper functioning.
 SIPHON SYSTEM:
 In this system we have a vertically placed pipe at near bottom of
tank not touching the surface, as we know water get deposited at
bottom as water is denser than oils.
 Whenever water is present in the tank the water gets filled
around the pipe and we have tap like device outside the tank
when it is opened water is drained out and the tap is closed as
soon as oil starts coming.