Power Plant

Engineering

Author: Raja, Srivastava, Dwivedi

A power plant is assembly of systems or
subsystems to generate electricity.

Thermal Power Plant – converts heat into

Electric energy
Steam PP
Diesel PP
Gas Turbine PP
Nuclear PP

“Delve and Delve Again till wade into”

Energy

Energy is the capacity for doing work, generating heat, and emitting light
Heat – the ability to change temperature of an object or phase of a
substance
Radiation – the light and energy emitted in the form of waves traveling at
the speed of light

Unit: calorie, quad, joule

Energy Types

Nuclear Energy Thermal Energy Chemical Energy Radiant Energy

• produces heat • is kinetic and • comes from • exists in a range

by fission or potential chemical of wavelengths.
fusion on energy reaction which Radiant energy
nuclei, which is associated with is a process of can be
generated by the random oxidation. converted to
heat engines. motion of chemical
atoms in an energy by the
object. process of
photosynthesis.
Review of Thermodynamics
Cycles Related to Power Plants
Zeroth Law •Thermal equilibrium between systems.

First Law •The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant energy and
can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed.
•∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊

•The Kelvin–Planck statement: It is impossible to construct a device that will operate in a cycle and produce no

Second Law effect other than the raising of a weight and the exchange of heat with a single reservoir.
•The Clausius statement: It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect
other than the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter body.

Third Law •The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero.
 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle

Reheat Cycle

Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle
Diesel Cycle
Dual Combustion Cycle
Gas Turbine Cycle
 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Reheat Cycle

Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle

Diesel Cycle

Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle

 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle

Reheat Cycle
Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle
Diesel Cycle
Dual Combustion Cycle
Gas Turbine Cycle
 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle

Reheat Cycle

Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle

Diesel Cycle

Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle

 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Reheat Cycle
Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle
Diesel Cycle

Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle

 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Reheat Cycle
Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle

Diesel Cycle
Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle

 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Reheat Cycle
Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle

Diesel Cycle

Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle
 Classification of
Vapor Power Cycle
Carnot Cycle
Power Plant Cycle
Rankine Cycle
Reheat Cycle
Binary Vapor Cycle

Gas Power Cycle

Otto Cycle

Diesel Cycle

Dual Combustion Cycle

Gas Turbine Cycle

 Fuels and Combustions

Fossil Fuels Fission fuels Fusion Fuels Non-conventional

• Coal
• Petrol
• Diesel or water gas
• Used in Steam Power
Plants, IC engines, Gas
Turbines and Hydro-
electric Power Plants
• Uranium 235 • Hydrogen Fuels
• Uranium 238 • Non-conventional • Thermo Electric
• Conventional • Used in Nuclear Material – bismuth
• Used in Nuclear Power Plants telluride, lead
Power Plants telluride etc
• Thermionic Materials
– Na, K, Cs, W etc
Steam Generators

Then suitable pipes for

Steam is generated driving engines or
from water by the turbines or for some
application of heat industrial heating
purpose

The steam which is

The water receive gases collected over the water
though the heating surface is taken from
surfaces of the boiler. the boiler through
super heater
Steam Prime Movers

The prime mover convert the natural resources of energy into power or electricity.
The prime movers to be used for generating electricity could be:
 diesel engine
 steam engine
 steam turbines
 gas turbines
 water turbine
Steam Condensers

Surface Jet
Down Flow Parallel Flow (Low Level)

Central Flow Barometric (High Level)

Evaporation Ejector
Water (Hydraulic) Turbines

Turbine is a machine wherein rotary motion is obtained by centrifugal forces,

which result from a change in the direction of high velocity fluid jet that issues
from a nozzle.
Water turbine is a prime mover, which uses water as the working substance to
generate power

Impulse Reaction a part of the total

the available hydraulic
available hydraulic
energy is first converted
energy is transformed
into kinetic energy by
into kinetic energy
means of an efficient
before the water is taken
nozzle.
to the turbine runner.
Water (Hydraulic) Turbines