Biodiversity is a term that describes how varied

living things are in a specific area.

How many kinds of living things can be found in your
community?
Think about a place in your community; try to identify
organisms that can be
found in your locality and are valuable to your life.
Why do you consider those organisms important to
you?
 The value of species can be divided into
various categories:
1. Direct economic value
The species is considered to have direct economic value if their products
are sources of food, medicine, clothing, shelter, and energy. For example,
some medicines being used nowadays have formulations extracted from
plants or animals. Vinblastine and vincristine are two chemicals that
have been extracted from rosy periwinkle (tsitsirika in Tagalog) and are
used in chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease and some form of cancer,
including lymphocytic leukemia. Another common plant, Vitex negundo
(lagundi) is extracted for cough syrup production
2. Indirect economic value
A species has an indirect economic value
if there are benefits produced by the
organism without using them. For
example, certain species maintain the
chemical quality of natural bodies of
water, prevent soil erosion and floods,
cycle materials in the soil, and absorb
pollutants
3. Aesthetic value
A lot of species provides visual or
artistic enjoyment, like a forested
landscape and the calming beauty of
a natural park; or they may be used
for spiritual meditation like the
Prayer Mountains
Biodiversity is very important because it
sustains through flow of energy
the food web on earth and contributes
to environmental stability. of
an ecosystem can be described as the
resilience to withstand changes that
may occur in the environment.
A is a group
of organisms of the same
species that live in a
certain area
A population’s growth is limited by
two general factors:

and
 refers to the
number of organisms per unit
area. If a population’s density is
very high, that means there are a
lot of organisms crowded into a
certain area. If a population’s
density is low, that means there
are very few organisms in an area.
 -A factor that
regulates a population’s
growth and is influenced
by population density
 - the population’s
density does not directly
influence changes in
population’s growth
that can stop a population from
growing can be such things as
 come into play
when a population reaches a certain number of
organisms. For example, when a population reaches
a certain size, there won’t be enough resources
(food, shelter, water) for all of the organisms. This
could cause the population to stop growing when it
reaches the maximum number of organisms that
can be supported, or “carried,” by the environment.
This number is known as the population’s
in a particular environment.
/
1. A Factor that limits the population density
2. The maximum number of individual that a
certain place can occupy is called____.
3. This refers to the number of organisms per
unit area
4. natural disaster
5. resources
Pressure is defined as the force per unit area.
The pressure of a gas is the force exerted by the
gas on the walls of its container divided by the
surface area of a container. Mathematically,
pressure is expressed as
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
The volume of a gas is the space it occupies.
Also, the volume of a vessel is equal to the
volume of the gas it contains. This is based on
the principle that the gas particles occupy all
the spaces available. The volume occupied by
the gas molecules is negligible compared to
volume of its container.
The temperature of a gas is measured
using a thermometer. It is usually
expressed in three units, the degree
Celsius(˚C), degree Fahrenheit (˚F), and
Kelvin (K).
The quantity of the gas being measured is
always expressed in moles or n. Units of mass
such as kilogram and gram should be converted
to moles. The formula needed to do this is
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠
Number of moles=
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠
Although gases are very light, they still have
measurable densities. The densities of gases are
very small compared with those of solids and
liquids. The density of a gas is computed by
dividing the mass of the gas by its volume. The
unit is often used is gram per liter(g/L)
PROPERTY SYMBOL COMMON UNITS
PRESSURE P Atm, torr, mmHg
TEMPERATURE T C,F, K
VOLUME V M3, cm3, L, mL
AMOUNT OF GAS n mole
DENSITY D g/L