GROUP 6

Canja, Joan Martha

Cinco, Jeremy Joy
Depacaquibo, Dasmin Anne
Devero, Ivy Marie L.
Dimalanta, Angelica M.
 SEWER MAINTENANCE

• Maintenance of sewers consists mainly of the removal or

prevention of stoppages, cleaning of sewers and other sewer
appurtenances, and other repair works.
 SEWER MAINTENANCE
PERIOD OF INSPECTION
3 MONTHS – SEWERS ON FLAT GRADES
3 MONTHS – SEWERS TROUBLED BY ROOTS
6 – 12 MONTHS – SEWERS HAVING NO TROUBLE
7 – 30 DAYS – INTERCEPTING SEWERS
1 MONTH – FLUSHING TANKS
7 – 30 DAYS – INVERTED SIPHON
DURING RAINS – STORM WATER OVERFLOWS
 SEWER MAINTENANCE
PROBLEMS IN SEWER MAINTENANCE
(a) Clogging in Sewers
(b) Hazard
SAFETY
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
1. Hard hats - is a type
of helmet predominantly used in
workplace environments such as
industrial or construction sites to
protect the head from injury due to
falling objects, impact with other
objects, debris, rain, and electric
shock.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
2. Rain suits - is a waterproof or
water-resistant coat worn to protect
the body from rain.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
3. Hip boots - are also worn by many
ecologists and environmental
scientists who do tests in swamps or
lakes to determine the quality of
water
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
4. Rubber gloves - These types of
glove can be used when cleaning or
working with oils, solvents and other
chemicals.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
5. Leather gloves - These should be
used when welding, as the leather can
resist sparks and moderate heat. The
risk of cuts and abrasions also can be
minimized by wearing leather gloves
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
6. Overalls - protects regular clothing
that are worn underneath
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
7. Goggles - may be used to protect
the eye against particles, chemicals,
water, glare and from things striking
the eyes.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
8. Chest harness belt with safety
rope - A full body harness is a body
holding device used to protect
workers from falls by distributing the
force of the fall over a large area of
the body, ensuring that the subject of
the fall remains suspended in an
upright position after the fall has
occurred
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
9. Extra rope - used to secure
personal working tools and other light
equipment with the body of the user
to prevent losing and accidental
dropping, especially while they are
working at heights or over a water
area
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
10. First-aid kit - are collections of
life saving equipment that are used by
paramedic staff in cases of
emergency to increase the life of a
victim until a time when the injured
can be transferred to a permanent
hospital facility.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
11. Fire extinguisher - portable
devices used to extinguish small fires
or reduce their destruction before
firefighters arrive at the scene
 Classes of Fire Extinguisher
• Class A. Extinguishers rated for class A fires are acceptable for dealing with ordinary
combustibles, including wood, paper, textiles, and some plastics.
• Class B. Extinguishers are acceptable to use with flammable liquid and gas fires, including oil
and gasoline.
• Class C. Class C extinguishers are appropriate for fires involving live electrical equipment
and are identifiable by a circle containing the letter C.
• Class D. Extinguishers rated for class D fires are intended to handle combustible metals like
magnesium and titanium.
• Class K. These fires involve cooking fats, greases, and oils used in commercial cooking sites
like restaurants.
 Types of Fire Extinguisher
1. Water Extinguishers
These extinguishers only contain water, and put out fires by soaking them with water and absorbing heat from
the burning objects. This type of extinguisher is best for offices, retail shops, schools, hotels, warehouses, and
domestic premises.
2. Water Mist Extinguishers
With their ultra-fine mist of de-mineralized water particles, they cool the fire and reduce oxygen supply. They’re
acceptable for use on class A, B, C, and K fires, as well as for electrical fires involving equipment up to 1,000
volts (like printers and computers).
3. Foam Extinguishers
They're also far messier, leaving a residue that must be cleaned up. They work by smothering the fire and are
acceptable for use on class A and B fires. They should not be used on burning fats or cooking oils (class K), and
may only be used on electrical fires if they’ve been tested and are fired from at least one meter away.
 Types of Fire Extinguisher
4. Dry Powder Extinguishers
These extinguishers form a crust that smothers the fire and prevents it from spreading. They’re generally
inexpensive and good for use on burning solids, liquids, and gases (class A, B, and C fires), and some are
specifically designed to handle class D fires (combustible metals).
5. CO2 Extinguishers
These extinguishers contain pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2), which suffocates the fire. They don’t leave any
residue or cause damage to electrical items, so they're appropriate for use on class B and electrical fires (for
example, large computer equipment).
6. Wet Chemical Extinguishers
Wet chemical extinguishers are ideal for handling class K fires and, therefore, usually found in kitchens with
deep fat fryers. They use a solution of alkali salts in water to create a fine mist that cools flames and prevents
splashing.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
12. Tripod and hoist - operates
under the assumption that the vast
majority of safety incidents are caused
by unsafe acts and that the same
behaviors that lead to near-misses also
lead to serious injuries.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
• 13. Ladder - self-supporting, non-adjustable ladder that features a platform
at the top from which workers may perform their tasks.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
14. Combustible gas and oxygen
content detector. - are devices used
to monitor and alert employees to the
presence of toxic and combustible
gases as well as oxygen-deficient
environments that may pose a threat
to human health and safety.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
15. Toxic gas monitor and oxygen
content detector. - These sensors are
used in portable gas monitors to
ensure that an area is safe for workers
to enter or stay in, to look for
potential leakages of toxic gas.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
16. Air packs, air tanks, hose - is a type of respiratory protection equipment
that provides breathable air from cylinders containing compressed air.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
17. Forty-five-minute self-
contained air packs for emergency
rescue .
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
18. Five-minute egress escape air
pack -
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
19. Portable air blower, 3 hp. 1,750
cfm -
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
20. Portable electric generator, four
outlets .
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
21. electric lamp consisting of a
transparent or translucent glass
housing containing a wire filament
(usually tungsten) that emits light
when heated by electricity
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
22. PORTABLE LAMP
- A decorative source of light that can be moved around and plugged into any
power source.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
23. FLASHLIGHTS
- A flashlight is a small electric light
which gets its power from batteries
and which you can carry in your hand.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
24. TOOL HOISTERS
A physical object such as mechanical
tools (used with object) to raise or lift,
especially by some mechanical
appliance.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
25. “MEN WORKING” SIGNS
- A Men Working Sign is a helpful
resource to help protect the health
and safety in work areas, and is not a
substitute for required protective
measures for reducing or eliminating
hazards.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
26. TRAFFIC CONES
- tool used to temporarily guide traffic
on public roads" -- by the Manual for
Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD).
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
27. VEHICLE BEACON
WARNING LIGHT
- Beacons are used in a variety of
community settings to notify, warn,
and inform the public about their
surroundings or circumstances.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
28. BARRICADE WITH BEACON
- anything that prevents people or vehicles from getting through with a strong
light that can be seen from far away to guide the vehicles.
SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
29. REFLECTIVE TRAFFIC VESTS
A safety vest is an article of personal
protective equipment that's designed to
have high visibility and reflectivity. It is
usually worn by cyclists, motor cyclists,
traffic police and workers engaged in
construction, road work, rail work and
those working in ports etc.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
30. MIRRORS
- The TM traffic mirror is
recommended for increased traffic
safety in streets, minor roads and
smaller lanes with sharp bends where
blind spots are a common hazard.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
• 31. STEEL TOED BOOTS
- A durable boot or shoe that has a
protective reinforcement in the toe
which protects the foot from falling
objects or compression, usually
combined with a mid sole plate to
protect against punctures from below.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
• 32. J-HOOK
- a curved or angular piece of metal
or other hard substance for catching,
pulling, holding, or suspending
something.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
• 33. LONG HANDLE SHOVEL
- The definition of a shovel is a tool
that has a long handle and a broad
pan used to lift and move things.
 SAFETY EQUIPMENTS
34. CELL PHONE/RADIO
- radio communication based on a
network of transmitters each serving
a small area and is used in personal
communications systems in which the
mobile receiver switches frequencies
automatically as it passes from one
cell to another.
Explosive gases are the following:
• Carbon monoxide
• Gasoline
• Hydrogen
• Hydrigen sulfide
• Sulfur dioxide etc.
Rules for entering confined spaces as per
OSHA
1. Never work alone. Crew should consist of 3.
2. Check atmosphere before entering.
3. Use of safety harness and have a tripod and hoist topside. Entrance and egress are
difficult without injury or incapacitation. It is hard for a rescue person to
carry another individual out.
4. Man lift. If dry well is 7.5-9 meter deep, a powered manlift should be part
of the design.
Safety for manhole covers:
• Standard manhole cover- 110 to 135 kg
• Heavy duty manhole cover has a mass up to 300kg

• Safety precautions upon lifting a manhole- improper handling may result in a lower back
disorder, muscle injury or in worst case scenario to have a crushed or severed fingers and
toes.

• Note: manhole covers should NEVER be carried by hands. Pry bar or j-hook should be
used to drag it away from manhole likewise in returning it back to the manhole.