on Instrument

PRESENTATION ON
Transformers
INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS
By :
Vishal Bhardwaj
R.no - 23
Section - K19AZ
Reg no. - 11901836
 INTRODUCTION
Instrument
transformers are high
accuracy class
electrical devices
used to isolate or
transform voltage or
current levels.
 WHY INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS ?
In a power system, the currents and voltages are very large.

Therefore, their direct measurements are not possible.

• It might appear that the extension of range could be conveniently done by the use of shunts
for currents and multiplier for voltage measurement.

– But this method is suitable only for small values of current and voltage.

1- Difficult to achieve accuracy with a shunt on AC.

2- Capability of having shunt of large range is not possible.

3- The power consumed by multipliers become large as the voltage increases.

4- The measuring circuit is not isolated electrically from the power circuit.

• The solution is to step -down these currents/voltages with the help of Instrument
Transformer

– So that, they could be metered with instruments of moderate size.

 Advantages of Instrument
Transformers
❏ The large voltage and current of AC Power system can be measured
by using small rating measuring instrument i.e. 5 A, 110 – 120 V.
❏ By using the instrument transformers, measuring instruments can be
standardized. Which results in reduction of cost of measuring
instruments.
❏ Instrument transformers provide electrical isolation between high
voltage power circuit and measuring instruments. Which reduces the
electrical insulation requirement for measuring instruments and
protective circuits and also assures the safety of operators.
❏ Due to low voltage and current level in measuring and protective
circuit, there is low power consumption in measuring and protective
circuits.
 TYPES OF INSTRUMENT
TRANSFORMERS
❏ CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

❏ VOLTAGE/POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMERS
 CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
A current transformer is a type
of instrument transformer that is
designed to produce an
alternating current in its
secondary winding which is
proportional to the current being
measured in its primary.
CONSTRUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TURNS RATIO
 TYPES OF CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
1. Wound Current
Transformer
2. Toroidal Current
Transformer
3. Bar-type Current
Transformer
 USES OF CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS
❏ GENERATING SUBSTATIONS

❏ ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS

❏ INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL

ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
 POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER IS A
VOLTAGE STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER WHICH
REDUCES THE VOLTAGE OF
HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT TO A
LOWER LEVEL FOR PURPOSE
OF MEASUREMENT.
CONSTRUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TURNS RATIO
 TYPES
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC

1. CAPACITOR

1. OPTICAL
 USES OF VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMERS
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS ARE
USED IN AC POWER CIRCUITS TO
FEED THE POTENTIAL COILS OF
INDICTING AND METERING
INSTRUMENTS AND PROTECTIVE
RELAYS.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
OF GLOBAL MARKET
SHARE OF ITs
 CONCLUSIONS
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS ARE USED TO
PROTECT THE METERING EQUIPMENTS BY
ISOLATING THEM FROM HIGH LEVEL VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.

THEY DO SO BY REDUCING THE CURRENT AND

VOLTAGE LEVELS.

GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF INSTRUMENT

TRANSFORMERS WILL INCREASE BY 0.8% IN 2024
 REFERENCES
❏ www.allaboutcircuits.com
❏ www.electronics-tutorials.ws
❏ Circuitglobe.com
❏ www.electronicshub.org
❏ www.electronics-tutorials.ws
❏ www.electrical4u.com