VERBALS

JHS – English 9

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Objectives:
 Recognize verbals in sentences
 Determine the use of verbals in the given
sentences
 Engage in the series of activities to
practice identifying the verbals in a
sentence
 What is a Verbal?
•A verbal is a word that is formed from a
verb but is used as a noun, an adjective,
or an adverb.
•A verbal that has modifiers or
complements is called a verbal phrase.

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Three Types of Verbal Phrases
Gerund Phrase
Participial Phrase
Infinitive Phrase

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GERUND

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Gerund
• It is a verbal in “verb + ing” format that acts
as a NOUN (subject, predicate nominative,
direct object, indirect object, object of the
preposition, appositive)
A gerund looks the same as a present participle, but it is
useful to understand the difference between the two. The
gerund always has the same function as a noun (although it
looks like a verb).

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 Functions of Gerund
Subject
Direct object
Indirect object
Predicate Nominative
Object of a Preposition
Appositive
Gerund as Subject
Examples:
•Dancing helps a person lose weight.
•Writing is an exchange of ideas.

•Swimming is my favorite exercise.

Gerund as a Direct Object
Examples:
•On their vacation, the students
discovered snorkeling.
•They do not appreciate my singing.
 Gerund as a Indirect Object
Examples:
•His performance gives acting a bad
name.
•Charles gave running the marathon
his best shot.
Gerund as a Object of the Preposition
Examples:
•After three hours, Kathleen was tired
of studying.
•I'm thinking about moving to London.
•I look forward to telling you about my
trip.
Gerund as Appositive
Examples:
•I have a new hobby, cooking.
•The best form of exercise, walking,
is also the least expensive.
Gerund as Predicate Nominative
Examples:
•One relaxing exercise is swimming.

•Most of it was cheering.

 Gerund Phrase
•A gerund with modifiers or a complement,
all acting as noun.
Example:
During vacation last summer, we all enjoyed
swimming in the lake.
Let’s try!
Directions: Identify the gerund in the following
sentences below.
1. She expanded her vocabulary by reading.
2. At the age of five, Winston began acting.
3. Dribbling requires coordination and dexterity.
4. One of Austin’s hobbies is sewing.
5. My desire, traveling, may happen soon.
GERUND PRE-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY:
Open Kahoot.it for the formative assessment activity.

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participle

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 VERB OR PARTICIPLE?
1.The train is arriving on track 7.

2. My little brother loves frozen yogurt.

3. The touring company will perform here next week.

4. Someone has stolen a valuable artifact from the

museum.

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 Participle
• It is a word formed from a verb which can
be used as an adjective.

Two Types of Participles

Present participle (ending -ing)
Past Participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
 VERB vs. PARTICIPLE
A verb shows an action, condition, or fact. A participle
acting as an adjective modifies a noun or pronoun.

VERB PARTICIPLE

The train was The chugging

chugging down train puffed
the truck. down the truck.
Present Participle (ending -ing)
Examples:
•boiling water
•caring nature
•deserving recipient
Past Participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
Examples:
•broken window
•painted frame
•destroyed bridge
Present Participle (ending in –ing)
Examples:
•A laughing man is stronger than a suffering man. (Gustave
Flaubert, 1821-1880)

•If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he

will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog
and a man. (Mark Twain, 1835-1910)

•The only thing that comes to a sleeping man is dreams. (Tupac

Shakur)
Past Participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n)
Examples:
•A swollen eye is God's way of telling you to improve your
interpersonal skills.

•Do not waste time staring at a closed door.

•I like children...if they're properly cooked. (W.C. Fields)

 Participial Phrase
• A participial phrase is a participle modified by an
adverb or adverb phrase or accompanied by a
complement. The entire phrase acts as an adjective.

Examples:
• Swaying in the wind, the palms are like dancers.

• Winning the oratorical contest, Troy received a gold medal.

 VERB OR PARTICIPLE?
1.The train is arriving on track 7.

2. My little brother loves frozen yogurt.

3. The touring company will perform here next week.

4. Someone has stolen a valuable painting from the

museum.

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PRE-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY:
Open Kahoot.it for the formative assessment activity.
iNFINITIVES

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 Infinitives
• It is a form of a verb that generally appears
with the word to, and acts as a noun, adjective,
or adverb.
Examples:
• To run
• To walk
• To cook
• To understand
• To make

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 Examples of infinitives or infinitive phrases used as nouns:

• Subject
To climb Mt. Everest is my greatest ambition.
• Direct Object
At one time, I attempted to climb Mt. Everest.
• Predicate Nominative
My greatest ambition is to climb Mt. Everest.
• Appositive
My greatest ambition, to climb Mt. Everest, has
directed my whole life.
PRE-ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY:
Open Kahoot.it for the pre assessment activity.
 Examples of infinitives or infinitive
phrases used as adjectives:
1) The fair is the place to go. (tells us which place)
2) I have some jeans to wash. (tells us which
jeans)
3) The singer to watch is Joyce. (tells us which
singer)
4) The kind of flowers to plant are perennials.
(tells us which flowers)
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U n l e ash in g Possib ilit ies
 Examples of infinitives or infinitive phrases
used as adverbs:
1) To complete the math problem, you divide by x.
(tells why to divide)
2) I bought paint to finish the picture for my mom.
(tells why I bought paint)
3) To make the cookies, you must add the flour
first. (tells why we add flour)

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