MICROSTRIP

PATCH
ANTENNA
• Antenna Parameters
• Microstrip Antenna
• Design & Simulation Result
• Reflection Coefficient • Directivity
• Bandwidth • Antenna efficiency
• Axial ratio • Input impedance
• Polarization • VSWR
• Gain • Front to back ratio
• Realised gain • Half Power Beam
width
(a) Top View of Patch Antenna (b) Side View of Microstrip Antenna
Figure1. Geometry of Microstrip (Patch) Antenna.
Figure 2. Normalized Radiation Pattern for Microstrip Antenna
Figure 3. Magnitude of S11 versus Frequency for Square Patch Antenna.

Figure 4. Side view of patch antenna with E-fields shown

 Figure 5. Patch Antenna with Figure 6. Patch antenna with a quarter-
an Inset Feed Wavelength matching section.

Figure 7. Coaxial cable feed Figure 8. Coupled (indirect)

of patch antenna. inset feed
Figure 9. Aperture coupled feed.
 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGNING
Because of the fringing, the effective relative permittivity 𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 is less
than the relative permittivity 𝜀𝑟 of the substrate. If w is the line width
and h is the substrate thickness, an a approximate value of 𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 is

The characteristic impedance is

The characteristic impedance of a wide strip is often low while that

of a narrow strip is high.
 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGNING
For design purpose:

where
 ANTENNA DESIGNING

Figure 10. Geometry of the proposed antenna

(A) front-side and (B) ground rear-side
 3D MODELING USING HFSS

(A) Front-side (B) Ground rear-side

Figure 11. 3D modeling of the proposed antenna

 SIMULATION RESULTS
(i) Surface Current Distribution

(A) RHCP toward front direction (+z) on the square patch

(B) LHCP toward rear-side direction (-z) on the slotted ground

Figure 12. Simulated electric surface current distributions at the resonant frequency
LHCP: Left-handed circularly polarized; RHCP: Right-handed circularly polarized
 SIMULATION RESULTS
(i) Reflection Coefficient

• 10-dB Impedance Bandwidth: 67 MHz

• Range: 2.069 to 2.136 GHz
• % Bandwidth: ∼ 3.17%
• Center Frequency: 2.116 GHz
• Minimum reflection coefficients: -25.0166 dB at 2.1182 GHz.

Figure 13: Reflection Coefficient

 SIMULATION RESULTS
(i) Axial Ratio

For +z direction, θ =0o For +z direction, θ =180o

Minimum Axial Ratio: 1.58 dB Minimum Axial Ratio: 0.61 dB
3-dB AR Bandwidth:15 MHz 3-dB AR Bandwidth:16 MHz
Range :2.101 to 2.116 GHz Range :2.103 to 2.119 GHz
% Bandwidth: 0.71% % Bandwidth: 0.75%
Resonant frequency: 2.112 GHz Resonant frequency:2.112 GHz
Figure 14. Axial Ratio of proposed antenna for θ =0o & θ =180o
 SIMULATION RESULTS

(A) Towards +z direction (θ =0o) for LHCP radiation

(B) Towards -z direction (θ =180o) for RHCP radiation

Figure 15 Realized Circularly Polarized Gains of the proposed antenna
LHCP: Left-handed circularly polarized; RHCP: Right-handed circularly polarized
 SIMULATION RESULTS

(A) zx-plane

(B) yz-plane
Figure 16. Far-field circularly polarized radiation patterns of the proposed antenna
 REFERENCES
• www.antenna-theory.com
• Lee, S, Pyo, S, Kim, J‐H. Circularly polarized microstrip
antenna with bidirectional radiation using dual‐layered
arrow‐shape slot perturbation for CubeSat
application. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2018; 60: 2018–
2022.
• Gao S, Clark K, Unwin M, et al. Antennas for modern
small satellites. IEEE Antennas Propagat Mag. 2009;
51(4):40–56.
• Pyo S, Sung Y. A circularly polarized microstrip antenna
with an arrow-shaped slotted ground. Microw Opt Technol
Lett. 2012; 54(1):271–273.
THANK YOU