Normal probability

distribution
 Understanding the standard normal
curve
Task 1:
Read and understand the following notes
about the standard the normal curve.
Be ready with a copy of the Table of Areas
Under the Normal Distribution.
You may use a scientific calculator to perform
mathematical operation
The Standard normal curve is a normal probability
distribution that is most commonly used as a model for
inferential statistics. The equation that describes a normal
curve is:

Where:

Y = height of the curve particular

values of X.
X = Any score in the distribution
σ = Standard deviation
µ = mean of the population
Π = 3.1416
e = 2.7183
 By substituting the mean, µ=1 and
standard deviation, σ=1 in the formula,
mathematician are able to find areas under
the normal curve. Fortunately these areas
have already been determined for our use.
The area between -3 and +3 is almost 100%
(not yet 100%) because the curve almost
touches the horizontal line. Thus there is a small
fraction of area at the tail of the distribution.
 0.6826

0.9544

0.9974

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Population Mean
The Area under the Normal Curve
 Task 2:
Read the notes about the z-table
Then examine the entries in the table.
The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is
also known as the z-table. The z-score is measure
under the relative standing.It is calculated by
subtracting X (or µ)from the measurement X and
then subtracting the result by s (or σ). The final results
represent the distance between a given measurement X
and the mean, expressed in standard deviations. Either
the z-score locates X within a sample or population.
 Why would a large number of data
be favorable in making decisions?

Sample size is an important

consideration for research. Larger
sample sizes provide more accurate
mean values, identify outliers that
could skew the data in a smaller
sample and provide a smaller
margin of error.
 Task 3:
Learn how to read the entries in the z-table.
The table provides the area between z=0
and any values of z.
Note that the row entries are the z-values.
The column headings are: z, .00, .01, .02, .03
and so on to .09. The column indicate the
hundredth place of a z value.
Note that the entries in the body of the
table give the Area (or probability) between
0 and z.
Note further, that by the symmetry of the
normal distribution, the area between z = 0
and the point equidistant to the right.
 Four-Step Process in Finding The Areas
Under the Normal Curve Given a z-Value
Step 1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit
form.
Step 2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits on
the left column.
Step 3. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
Step 4. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the column. This is the
required Area.
Example:
Find the Area that corresponds to z= 1.

Finding the Area that correspond to

is the same as finding the area
between z=0 and z=1.
 Example:Steps Solution
1. ExpressFind the Area
the given into thatZ=1.00
corresponds to z= 1.
three-digit form
2. In the table, find the Row
z= 1.00
3. In the table, find the
column with the heading
.00
4. Read the area ( or This area is 0.3413. This is the
probability)at the intersection required area.
of Row 1.0 and the Column
.00
 Individual Activity:

1.Find the Area that corresponds to z= 1.36.

2. 1.Find the Area that corresponds to z= -2.58.

 Why would a large number of data
be favorable in making decisions?

Sample size is an important

consideration for research. Larger
sample sizes provide more accurate
mean values, identify outliers that
could skew the data in a smaller
sample and provide a smaller
margin of error.
 Why would a large number of data
be favorable in making decisions?

Sample size is an important

consideration for research. Larger
sample sizes provide more accurate
mean values, identify outliers that
could skew the data in a smaller
sample and provide a smaller
margin of error.