“Science is the Great Instrument

of Social Change.”
Arthur Balfour
 Sociology
• Socious (Latin)
– Companion
– Society

• Sociology
– Scientific study
– Human relationships
– Arising from continuous
interaction of men
– In particular setting

02/10/17 02:42 AM 3
 Sociology
• Sociology
– Study of Society and
Human Interaction

• Human Interaction
– Agreement
• Harmony
– Contradiction
• Problems

02/10/17 02:42 AM 4
 Sociological Pioneers
• Auguste Compte
– Father of Sociology
• Coined the term
Sociology
– Positivism
• Knowledge comes from
sensory experience.
• Abstract cannot be
proven.
– e.g.God

02/10/17 02:42 AM 5
 Sociological Pioneers
• Harriet Martineau
– Mother of Sociology
• Religion
• Politics
• Child rearing
• Immigration in the young nation
• Problems of contemporary
society
– Economy
• Emancipation of Slaves
– Law
• Rights of women
– Employment
– Vote
– Education
– Trade
– Population

02/10/17 02:42 AM 6
 Sociological Pioneers
• Karl Heinrich Marx
• May 5, 1818 – March 14,
1883
– Bourgeoisie
• Capitalist
– Proletariat
• Working Class

• Can unite
– Throw of Capitalism
– Result will be classless
society.
– Create Communism

02/10/17 02:42 AM 7
 Sociological Pioneers
• Herbert Spencer
– Parallelism of the society
of animals and man.
• Survival

– Man
• Has never ending
competition to win.
– Survival

02/10/17 02:42 AM 8
 Sociological Pioneers
• Herbert Spencer
– Natural Selection
• Male
– Handsome
– Strong/ Muscular/ Tall/
Physic
– Financially Stable
• Female
– Beautiful
– Sexy
– Caring and Neat

02/10/17 02:42 AM 9
 Sociological Pioneers
• Emile Durkheim
– Studied on Suicide
– Most suicide
• Protestants
• Wealthy
• Males
• Disgusted
– Less suicide
• Catholics
• Poor
• Females
• Contented
– Suicide
• Product of Social Factors

02/10/17 02:42 AM 1
0
 Sociological Pioneers
• Emile Durkheim
– Kinds of Suicide
• Egoistic Suicide
– Little Social Interaction
• Altruistic Suicide
– Self-sacrifice for others
• Anomic Suicide
– Unable to fulfill the
needs

02/10/17 02:42 AM 11
 Sociological Pioneers
• Emile Durkheim
– Kinds of Anomic Suicide
• Acute Economic Anomie
– Unreligious
• Chronic Economic
Anomie
– Wealthy but unhappy
• Acute Domestic Anomie
– Inability to adapt
» Widowhood
• Chronic Domestic Anomie
– Bachelor tended suicide
than married.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 12
 Sociological Pioneers
• Max Weber
– Protestantism
• Embraces change
– Wealthy
– Catholism
• Conservative
– Poor

02/10/17 02:42 AM 13
 Social Development
• Charles Cooley
• George Mead
• Jean Piaget
• Sigmund Freud

02/10/17 02:42 AM 14
 Social Development
• Charles Cooley
– Influenced by Theory of
Evolution of Charles Darwin
– Derived his idea of Self from
the Social Self of William
James
– Influenced by the Organic
View of Society of Herbert
Spencer
– Influenced by Types of Social
Group of William Sumner

02/10/17 02:42 AM 15
 Social Development
• Charles Cooley
– The Looking Glass Self
• Imagination of our
appearance to the other
person
• Imagination of their
judgment of that
appearance
• Resulting self-feeling,
such as pride or
mortification

02/10/17 02:42 AM 16
 Social Development
• Robert Merton
– Macro-sociology
• Large-scale civilization
– Stereotypes on Black
People, Asians and
Muslims
– Micro-sociology
• Small groups
– Divorced people

02/10/17 02:42 AM 17
 Social Development
• George Mead
– Generalized Others
• Person has of the common
expectations that others
have about actions and
thoughts within a
particular society
– Children's’ Stages
• Imitation
– Mimic
• Play
– Role taking
• Games
– Simultaneous with the
role of others
02/10/17 02:42 AM 18
 Social Development
• Jean Piaget
– Stages of Human Development
• Assimilation
– using an existing schema to
deal with a new object
• Accommodation
– Happens when the existing
schema does not work
• Equilibrium
– Cognitive development did not
progress at a steady rate, but
rather it leaps and bounds
• Pre-operational
– Developing ability to use
symbols
– Socialization Timeline

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 Social Development
• Infancy (Age 0-1)
– Feeding and Trust
• Toddler (Age 2-3)
– Play Stage, Autonomy, Shame & Doubt
• Early Childhood (Age 4-5)
– Obedience and Explorations
• Middle Childhood (Age 6-8)
– Basic Socializations and Initiative
• Late Childhood (Age 9-12)
– School Age and Industry
• Early Adolescence (Age 13-14)
– Identity and Confusion
• Middle Adolescence (Age 15-17)
– Social Relationships and Sexual Explorations
• Late Adolescence (Age 18-19)
– Skills Explorations and Intimate Relationships

• Young Adulthood (Age 20-39)

– Serious Relationships, Work and Generativity

• Middle Adulthood (Age 40-64)

– Parenthood and Role Conflict
• Late Adulthood (Age 65 and Older)
– Integrity, Despair, Reflections and Death

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 Social Development
• Sigmund Freud
– Psychoanalysis
• People could be cured by
making conscious their
unconscious thoughts and
motivations
• Therapy is to release
repressed emotions and
experiences and is
commonly used to treat
depression and anxiety
disorders

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 Social Development
• Sigmund Freud
– Personality Perspective
– Levels of the Mind
– Iceberg Theory
• Id
– Pleasure Principal
– Unconscious Mind
» Reservoir of Thoughts
• Ego
– Reality Principal
– Conscious Mind
» Aware of
• Super-ego
– Values and Morals
– Preconscious Mind
» Ordinary Memory

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 Sociological Perspectives
• Michel Foucault
– Power/ Knowledge
– Sexuality and Madness
• Jurgen Habermas
– Communicative Action

02/10/17 02:42 AM 23
 Sociological Perspectives
• Symbolic Interactionism
– People seeking meaning
– Self-conscious being
• Functional Analysis
– Societal parts
• Conflict Theory
– People competing for
scarce resources
• Feminism
– Organizing Factor

02/10/17 02:42 AM 24
 Socialization
• The basic social process
through which an
individual becomes
integrated into a social
group by learning the
group’s culture and his
role in the group.
• Lifelong process

02/10/17 02:42 AM 25
 Socialization
• Types of Socialization
– Primary
• Child learns attitudes
• Home
– Secondary
• Teenager learning from peers
• Elementary
– Developmental
• Institutional Social Skills
• High School
– Anticipatory
• Rehearses Occupational Socialization
• College
– Re-socialization
• Discarding old and Accepting new
– Organization
• Employee learning company role

02/10/17 02:42 AM 26
 Socialization
• Agents of Socialization
– Family
• Basic environment
– Schools
• Values and customs of macro society
– Religion
• Influences morality, dress, speech &
manners
– Peer Group
• Common interest
– Mass Media & Technology
• Impact attitude e.g. violence
– Workplace
• Matching attitude & Values

02/10/17 02:42 AM 27
 Socialization
• Re-socialization
– Voluntary re-
socialization
• Learning something
contrary to prior
experiences e.g. entering
a new job
– Involuntary re-
socialization
• Forced re-socialization to
prison, rehabilitation
center, etc.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 28
 Group
• Types of Group
– Gemeinschaft
• Informal/ Primary Group
• Always in contact
– Eg. Family, Fraternity,
etc.
– Gesellschaft
• Formal/ Secondary Group
• Casual in contact
– Eg. Work groups

02/10/17 02:42 AM 29
 Group
• Functions of Group
– Social Attraction
• Goals can be achieved as a
team rather than alone
– Social Comparison
• Meet emotional need of
each other such as being in-
existent
– Morale Booster
• Maximum self-esteem
– Social Climate
• Warm and accepted

02/10/17 02:42 AM 30
 Group
• Kinds of Group
– Involuntary
• Family
• Neighborhood
• Barangay
• Municipality
– Voluntary
• Playmates
• Peer
• Workmates
• Schoolmates/ Classmates
• Church Family
• Purposive associations

02/10/17 02:42 AM 31
 Group
• Group Size
– Dyad
• 2 People e.g. President
and Vice-president
– Triad
• 3 People e.g. Basic Family
– Coalition
• 4 or More e.g. Senators

02/10/17 02:42 AM 32
 Group
• Group Decision Making
– Collecting Information
• Analyzing facts
– Evaluating Information
• Express opinions and reacts
to the opinion of others
– Reaching a decision
• Emotional tension may rise
from disagreeing individuals
– Decision is made
• Restoring the harmony of
group by joking and frivolity
assuring the solidarity of the
group

02/10/17 02:42 AM 33
 Group
• Power
– Coercive
• Physical force
– Remunerative
• Material rewards
– Normative
• Persuasion

• Involvement
– Alienative
• No support
– Calculative
• Moderate support
– Moral involvement
• Strongly support

02/10/17 02:42 AM 34
 Group
• Types of Leadership
– Authoritarian Leadership
• Gives orders frequently
– Employees are either
aggressive or apathetic
– Democratic Leadership
• Gains consensus
– Employees worked
personally and are
friendly
– Laissez-faire Leadership
• Passive
– Lack of achievement

02/10/17 02:42 AM 35
 Group
• Leaders
– Types of Leaders
• Instrumental
– Task-oriented
» Accomplishment
minded
• Expressive
– Socio-emotional
» Moralefocused

02/10/17 02:42 AM 36
 Group
• Structure of Multi-
group System
– Organization
• Has subsystem with
specialized functions
– Community/ Society
• Held together by social
relationships

02/10/17 02:42 AM 37
 Group
• Human Associations
– Statistical Aggregates
• Sociologists groupings
– e.g. Income, Nutrition etc.

– Societal Classes
• Age, Sex, Ethnic, etc.

– Congregations/
Assemblies
• Crowds and audiences

02/10/17 02:42 AM 38
 Organization
• Types of Organization
– Formal Organization
• Highly organized group,
having explicit objectives,
formally stated rules and
clearly designated rights
and duties.
– e.g. Government,
Schools
– Bureaucracy
• Hierarchical ranking are
used to achieved
efficiency.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 39
 Organization
• Essential Characteristics of
Bureaucracies
– Hierarchical assignment flowing
downward and Accountability
flowing upward
• Clear-cut levels
– Division of Labor
• Field of specialty
– Written Rules
• Procedures and limits
– Written Communication and Records
• Transparency of activities
– Impersonality
• Office is important not the person.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 40
 Organization
• Oligarchy
– Assumption that the
members cannot be counted
thus power must remain in
the few elitist
– Self-perpetuating elites
dominate the power and the
members remain passive.
– Problematic since members
are the main beneficiary of
the structure.
– Applies even in Democracy

02/10/17 02:42 AM 41
 Collective Behavior
• Forms of Collective
Behavior
– Unstructured
• Rumor/ Gossip
• Mass Hysteria/ Panic
• Fads/ Fashion
• Public Opinion
– Structured
• Crowd
– Casual
– Conventional
– Expressive
– Acting
» Mob
» Riot
» Orgy

02/10/17 02:42 AM 42
 Deviance
• Deviance
– Violation of rules/
norms, regardless of
seriousness
– Not the act itself is the
deviant rather on how
the society reacts on it.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 43
 Deviance
• Reaction to Deviants
– Sanctions
• Capital Punishment
– Labeling
• Gossip
– Degradation Ceremonies
• Rituals in stripping identity as outsider
– Imprisonment
• Retribution
– Restoring moral balance upset by the
offense
• Deterrence
– Creating fear to others
• Rehabilitation
– Reforming to better citizens
• Incapacitation
– Removing offenders from circulation

02/10/17 02:42 AM 44
 Deviance
• Reaction by Deviants
– Denial of Responsibility
• “I did not do it.”
– Denial of Injury
• “Nobody got hurt.”
– Denial of Victim
• “She deserve it.”
– Argumentum ad hominem
• “Who are you to talk.”
– Appeal to Higher Loyalty
• “The mayor is my brother.”

02/10/17 02:42 AM 45
 Society
• Society
– Group of people with
common territory,
interaction and culture
– Large social group
sharing the same
geography and political
authority

02/10/17 02:42 AM 46
 Society
• Components of Society
– Territory
• Recognition of ownership
of land
– Interaction
• Contact of members of
the group
– Culture
• Shared language and
belief

02/10/17 02:42 AM 47
 Society
• Types of Society
– Preindustrial Society
• Hunting-Gathering Society
– Earliest but Hardest
• Horticultural Society
– Crop Farming
• Pastoral Society
– Herding Animals
• Agricultural Society
– Crop Farming
• Feudal Society
– Lords and Vassals

– Industrial Society
– Mechanized food production
– Postindustrial Society
– Goods, services, banking and
information
– Does not concentrate on food
production

02/10/17 02:42 AM 48
 Society
• Social Structure
– Refers to statuses and
roles found in a society
making social relations.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 49
 Society
• Elements of Social
Structure
– Status
• Position in the society.
– Ascribed status
» Ethnicity, Gender,
Age
– Achieved status
» Lawyer,Doctor
– Master status
» Respected
Professor
– Status inconsistency
» Old datingYoung

02/10/17 02:42 AM 50
 Society
• Elements of Social Structure
– Social Roles
• Counterfeit Role
– Divorced pretends Widow
• Internalized Role
– Eldest child as head of family
• Perceived Role
– Teacher - Professional
• Prescribed Role
– Cultural Standard e.g.
Chinese cannot marry non-
chinese
• Representative Role
– Representative of a Group

02/10/17 02:42 AM 51
 Society
• Elements of Social
Structure
– Social Roles
• Role Conflict
– Married Priest, a
bestfriend who wants
to scape friendzone
• Multiple Roles
– Doctor and a Father, a
boyfriend yet a
bestfriend
• Reciprocal Role
– Husband and Wife,
Teacher and Student

02/10/17 02:42 AM 52
 Society
• Elements of Social
Structure
– Groups
• Number of people with
several norms who
regularly interact
• Establishment of
friendships
• Vital part in the structure
of society

02/10/17 02:42 AM 53
 Society
• Elements of Social Structure
– Social Institutions
• System of social roles and
norms organized for a
certain function
• Concepts:
– Norm
» Behavior expectation
– Role
» Function of Status
– Status Position
» Multiple Roles
– Situs
» Leader

02/10/17 02:42 AM 54
 Society
• Elements of Social
Structure
– Social Institutions
• Family
• Education
• Religion
• Economic
• Political Institutions

02/10/17 02:42 AM 55
 Society
• Elements of Social Structure
– Social Institutions
• Characteristics
– Purposive
» Goal towards the
satisfaction of social
needs
– Permanent
» Traditional
– Structured
» Band together and
reinforce one another
– Unified
» Function as a unit
– Value-laden
» Uniformities become
codes of conduct

02/10/17 02:42 AM 56
 Society
• Social Transformation
– Result change in culture
• Social Cohesion
– United by shared values
• Mechanical Solidarity
– Collective
consciousness by
performing the same
task
• Organic Solidarity
– Interdependence
brought by division of
labor

02/10/17 02:42 AM 57
 Society
• Social Interaction
– Social process in
communication.
• Language
• Symbols
• Gestures

02/10/17 02:42 AM 58
 Society
• Social Interaction
– Stereotypes in everyday Life
• First impression
– Sex, Race, Age, Physical Appearance
• Assumptions
• Behavior
– Personal Space
• Intimate Space
– 18 Inches and Closer
» Lovemaking, Wrestling,
Comforting and Protecting
• Personal Distance
– 18 Inches to 4 Feet
» Friends acquaintances
• Social Distance
– 4 Feet to 12 Feet
» Formal conversations
• Public Space
– 12 Feet Beyond
» General Public

02/10/17 02:42 AM 59
 Society
• Social Interaction
– Forms
• Exchange
– Action for something in-
return
– E.g. voting, male effort
• Cooperation
– Bayanihan
• Competition
– Interest on the same goal
• Conflict
– Distressful Relationship

02/10/17 02:42 AM 60
 Society
• Social Control
– Positive Social Control
• Promise of rewards
ranging from tangible to
social approval
– Negative Social Control
• Fear of consequences

02/10/17 02:42 AM 61
 Social Stratification
• Social Stratification
– Involves inequality of
power and resources

02/10/17 02:42 AM 62
 Social Stratification
• Bases of Social
Stratification
– Wealth
• Marxist
– Power
• Influential
– Prestige
• Respected

02/10/17 02:42 AM 63
 Social Stratification
• System of Social Stratification
– Slavery
• Some people own others
• Basing on debt, punishment or defeat in
battle
– Caste System
• Determined by birth
– E.g. Brahmins (Priest or Scholars),
Kshatriyas (Nobles and Warriors), Vaisyas
(Merchants and skilled artisans), Shudras
(Common Laborers) and Hartijans (The
outcastes.)
– Class System
• Economic Position
– Estate System/ Feudalism/ Monarchy
• Peasants work on leased land in exchange of
military protection and other services.
– Gender
• Male is superior to Female

02/10/17 02:42 AM 64
 Occupational Stratification
• Government Executive
• Lawyer/ Cabinet Secretary
• Doctor
• Clergy/ Nun/ Administrator
• Professor
• TV Personality
• Professional Athlete
• Architect/ Engineer
• Military Official/ Pilot/ Captain
• Accountant/ Manager
• Businessman/ Chef
02/10/17 02:42 AM
• Grade/ High School Teacher
• Office Worker/ Bank Teller
• Police/ Army
• Nurse/ Social Worker
• Receptionist/ Stewardess
• Bartender/ Waiter
• Security Guard/ Bodyguard
• Driver/ Mailman/ Barber
• Helper/ Janitor/ Portman
• Newspaper boy/ Car washer
• Vendor/ Shoe shiner
65
 Culture
• Culture
– Knowledge, Beliefs, Arts,
Morals, Laws, Customs
and Habits acquired as a
member of society and
constitutes their way of
life
– Complex system of
meaning and behavior
which defines the way of
life

02/10/17 02:42 AM 66
 Culture
• Forms of Culture
– Material Culture
• Jewelry
• Art
• Buildings
• Weapons
• Machines
• Clothing
• Hairstyles
– Non-material culture
• Myths
• Traditions
• Beliefs
• Values
• Language
• Gestures

02/10/17 02:42 AM 67
 Culture
• Components of Culture
– Norms
• Mores
– Core values
• Folkways
– Everyday
– Gestures
• Shaking of hand, bowing
of head, etc.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 68
 Culture
• Characteristics of
Culture
– Learned
– Relative
– Shared
– Cumulative
– Dynamic
– Diverse
– Symbolic

02/10/17 02:42 AM 69
 Culture
• Elements of Culture
– Language
• Communication
– Symbol
• Gesture, sound, color, design
– Values
• Goodness and beauty
– Beliefs
• Shared ideas
– Norms
• Rules and expectations
– Rituals
• Rites and Public ceremony

02/10/17 02:42 AM 70
 Culture
• Attitudes toward
culture
– Ethnocentrism and
Xenocentrism
– Cultural Relativism and
Culture Shock
– High Culture and Popular
Culture
– Culture Variation and
Cultural Integration
– Subculture and
Counterculture

02/10/17 02:42 AM 71
 Culture
• Cultural Change
– Cultural Assimilation
• Function to a large group but
remain the identity
– Structural Assimilation
• Newcomer to larger society
– Colonization
• Change of governance
– Marital Assimilation
• Subculture intermarry with
larger society

02/10/17 02:42 AM 72
 Filipino System
• Filipino Value • Filipino Disvalue
– Close family ties – Bahala na
– Hospitality – Inggitan
– Po at opo – Tsismisan
– Utang na Loob – Palakasan
– Pakikisama – Sipsipan
– Hiya – Padulas
– Delicadeza – Lagay
– Bayanihan – Ningas-cogon
– Fiesta Celebration – Patigasan
– Tibay ng Loob – Sakop
– Pagkamahinhin – Maňana Habit
– Crab Mentality
– Kanya-kanya
02/10/17 02:42 AM 73
 Filipino System
• Filipino Superstitious
Beliefs on:
– Death
– Misfortune
– Good Luck
– Illness
– Coming of Visitors
– Ghost
– Relationships
– Future
– Disaster

02/10/17 02:42 AM 74
 Filipino System
• Activity
– Maxim
• Ang hindi marunong
lumingon sa
pinanggalingan ay hindi
makakarating sa
paroroonan

02/10/17 02:42 AM 75
 Family
• Courtship
– Interlude for deeper
knowing
• Stages of Relationship
– Sightseeing
– Courtship
– Dating
– Lovers
– Steady
– Engagement
– Marriage

02/10/17 02:42 AM 76
 Family
• Filipino Way of
Courtship
– Kundiman
• Song of Love
– Harana
• Serenade of a young man
to a young woman right
in front of her window
and is done during full
moon

Sociology: Society and Culture

02/10/17 02:42 AM 77
Prof. Sam Bernales, Jr.
 Family
• Pamanhikan
– Groom’s parents will formally
give their consent to their son
in asking for the hand of the
bride for marriage.
• Ambagan
– Both parents of Bride and
Groom set foot on the
expenses on marriage.
• Dowry
– Islamic practice of Bigay Kaya
given by the Groom to the
Family of the Bride.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 78
 Family
• Marriage
– Union between a man and a
woman who is legally
contracted and socially and
culturally recognized by
society whose rights and
obligations between them,
their children and their in-
laws are established
– Method in which cultural
tradition is passed on to the
children
– Implies permitted sexual
access
– Reason are love and
procreation

02/10/17 02:42 AM 79
 Family
• Mate Selection Patterns
– Endogamy
• People must marry a
mate within their own
group i.e. race, tribe and
social status.
– Exogamy
• Marriage between two
individuals who do not
belong to the same
group.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 80
 Family
• Forms of Marriage
– Monogamy
• 1 Husband + 1 Wife
– Polygamy
• Multiple marriage
– Polygyny
» 1 Husband + Multiple
Wives
– Polyandry
» 1 Wife + Multiple
Husbands
» Tibet in Nepal and
Northern Nigeria and
Cameroon
– Cenogamy
• Many Males + Many Females

02/10/17 02:42 AM 81
 Family
• Family
– Group of people who are
united by ties of
marriage, blood or
adoption, constituting a
single household and as
having the responsibility
for rearing.
– Basic unit of society.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 82
 Family
• Family Structure
– Conjugal
• Nuclear
– Protons, Neutrons and
Electrons
• Husband + Wife +
Children
– Consanguine
• Extended
• Nuclear + Grandparents +
Uncles & Aunts + Cousins

02/10/17 02:42 AM 83
 Family
• Family Origin
– Orientation
• Being a child to parents
– Procreation
• Being a parent to children

02/10/17 02:42 AM 84
 Family
• Family Descent
– Patrilineal
• Relationship traced on
Father side
– Matrilineal
• Relationship traced on
Mother side
– Bilateral
• Relationship traced on
Both sides

02/10/17 02:42 AM 85
 Family
• Family Power/
Authority/ Dominance
– Patriarchal
• Authority is vested on
Father
– Matriarchal
• Authority is vested on
Mother
– Egalitarian
• Authority is vested on
both Father and Mother

02/10/17 02:42 AM 86
 Family
• Family Residence
– Neo-local
• Couple resides in new place
independent of their parents
– Patrilocal
• Couple reside in the house of
the parents of the husband
– Matrilocal
• Couple reside in the house of
the parents of the wife
– Bilocal
• Couple resides in their
convenience considering the
place of work, school of
children, social status, etc.

02/10/17 02:42 AM 87
 Family
• Family Function/ Purpose
– Sexual Regulation
• Sex only with spouse
– Social Order
– Reproduction
• Replacing of adults
• Uganda
– Marriage is dissolved if wife is
barren

– Socialization
– Care and Protection
– Economic Cooperation
• Sociological Economic unit
– Status Placement
• Sense of place in society
– Emotional Security
• Shaping personalities
02/10/17 02:42 AM 88
 Family
• Dimensions of Parental
Behavior
– Control
– Affection
– Involvement
– Marital Relation

02/10/17 02:42 AM 89
 Family
• Parenting Patterns
– Democratic
• Caring and warm
– Authoritative
• Power assertion
– Lenient
• Responsive to the needs
• Complete Trust on the
child thus not strict
– Neglecting
• Unresponsive to the
needs, feelings and
activities of the child

02/10/17 02:42 AM 90
 Family
• Types of Parents
– Insecure
• Believes influences child’s
destiny
– Intimidated
• Shows lack of authority
– Over-Interpreted
• Analytical to every child’s
actions
– Secure
• Confident on every move
– Victimize
• Feels unappreciated by
children
– Pathological
• Mental Illness
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 Filipino Family
• Filipino Family
– Close family ties
• Every celebration, each
family member is counted
before the ceremony
begin
• Reason why Filipinos
abroad come home for
Christmas at all cost.
• An attack to any member
of the family is an attack
to the whole clan.
(Resbak practice)

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 Filipino Family
• The Filipino Family
– Activity
• Maxim
– “Mas malapot ang dugo
kaysa tubig.”

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 Filipino Family
• Father
– Head of the Family
– Implicitly obeyed by wife and children
– Duty is to meet the financial needs of the
family.
– Hands his income intact to his wife
– Excused of housekeeping
– Allotted for strenuous jobs
– In charge on decision making for family
• Mother
– Takes care of budgeting of family funds
and bargains to save some peso.
– Takes care of daily menu and every living
and loving home details.
– Makes sure the husband has rested well
and neatly dressed for work and children
well fed, clothed and ready for school
• Children
– Pampered and not rushed to adulthood
– Prolonged childhood builds up clannish feeling
resulting to standing up for family against all
adversaries.

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To keep children in their
company, to support,
educate, and instruct
them by right precept
and good example, and
to provide for their
upbringing in keeping
with their means

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To give them love and
affection, advice and
counsel, companionship
and understanding

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To provide them with
moral and spiritual
guidance, inculcate in
them honesty, integrity,
self-discipline, self-
reliance, industry and
thrift, stimulate their
interest in civic affairs,
and inspire in them
compliance with the
duties of citizenship

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To enhance, protect,
preserve and maintain
their physical and
mental health at all
times

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of Parents
– To furnish them with good
and wholesome education,
educational materials,
supervise their activities,
recreation and association
with others, protect them
from bad company and
prevent them from acquiring
habits detrimental to their
health, studies and morals

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To represent them in all
matters affecting their
interests

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0
 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To demand from them
respect and obedience

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To impose discipline on
them as may be required
under circumstances

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 Filipino Family
• Rights and Duties of
Parents
– To perform such other
duties as are imposed by
law upon parents and
guardians

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 Filipino Family
• Duties of Children
– Children must love, revere and
obey their parents
– They must obey all lawful
commands of the parents
– They must submit to their
parents’ authority and decisions
– They must honor their parents at
all times, must not speak ill or
evil of them
– They must never harm their
parents physically or morally
– They must consult and seek the
advice of their parents in their
activities
– They must help and support their
parents in times of need, such as
sickness and weakness of old age
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 Filipino Family
• Modern Issues
– Dual-Career Marriages
• Husband and Wife on Work
– Change in Gender Role
• Women on work and
husband on chores
– Child rearing Dilemma
• Women on abroad
– Extra-marital Sexual
Relationship
• Querida to maintain the
macho image of husband and
expected total loyalty of wife
• Concubinage for men
• Adultery for women

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 Filipino Family
• Modern Issues
– Single-parenthood
• Offshoot of pre-marital sex
– Stepfamilies
• Offshoot of remarriage
– Battered and Marital Rape
• Battered women syndrome
– Incest
• Exist since the whole family
sleep together and the
mother is on work.

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 Filipino Family
• Contemporary Issues
– Homosexuality
• Offshoot of distorted influences
from rearing, environment to
media
– Cohabitation
• Live-in
– Single Motherhood
• Left by boyfriend upon discovery
of pregnancy
– Single-blessedness
• 10% of Filipinos aged 40s up
– Gay couples
• Made easy by sperm bank and
artificial insimination

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 Filipino Family
• Contemporary Issues
– Legal Separation
• Separated but no right for
remarriage since marriage
is still at force.
– Annulment
• Void ab initio
– Void from thebeginning
• Status is changed from
Married to Single
• Capable for marriage
– Divorce
• Dissolving marriage
contract and grants the
right to remarry.
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 Population
• Demography
– Number of people
occupying a definite
portion of territory.

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 Population
• Factors Affecting Populatio n
– Fertility Rate
• Number of children that an
average woman bears
– Mortality
• Number of death per 1000
population
– Migration
• Movement of people from one
place to another
– Internal Migration
» Within Country
– External Migration
» Outside Country

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 Urbanization
• Rural Community • Urban Community
– Produced their own food
– Small Population
– Daytime activities only
– Simple recreation
– Residents know each
other
– Bayanihan
– Poor transportation and
communication
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– Depends on others for
food supply.
– Big Population
– Daytime and Nighttime
activities
– Strangers
– Individual existence
– Massive transportation
and communication
111
 Consumatum Est
• It
• Is
• Finished!

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