BIOENERGETICS

WHAT IS
BIOENERGETICS?
the study of the
transformation of
energy in living
organisms.
Cells as the Basic Unit
of Life
A cell is the smallest
unit of a living thing
and is the basic
building block of all
organisms.
A living thing can be composed of either one
cell or many cells.

There are two broad categories of cells:

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• A prokaryote is a
unicellular organism that
lacks a membrane-bound
nucleus, mitochondria, or
any other membrane-
bound organelle. The
word prokaryote comes
from the Greek πρό (pro)
"before" and κάρυον
(karyon) "nut" or
"kernel". Prokaryotes are
divided into two domains,
Archaea and Bacteria.
• Eukaryotes are
organisms whose
cells have a nucleus
enclosed within
membranes, unlike
prokaryotes, which
have no membrane-
bound organelles.
Eukaryotes belong to
the domain
Eukaryota or
Eukarya.
Cells are the basic building blocks of all
living things. The human body is composed
of trillions of cells. They provide structure
for the body, take in nutrients from food,
convert those nutrients into energy, and
carry out specialized functions.
Six Main Cell Functions
• Provide Structure and Support. Like a classroom
is made of bricks, every organism is made of
cells.
• Facilitate Growth Through Mitosis. In complex
organisms, tissues grow by simple multiplication
of cells.
• Allow Passive and Active Transport.
• Produce Energy.
• Create Metabolic Reactions.
• Aids in Reproduction.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Photosynthesis is a process used by plants
and other organisms to convert light energy
into chemical energy that can later be
released to fuel the organisms' activities. This
chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate
molecules, such as sugars, which are
synthesized from carbon dioxide and water –
hence the name photosynthesis, from the
Greek φῶς, phōs, "light", and σύνθεσις,
synthesis, "putting together".
Photosynthesis is in green plants
harnesses the energy of sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide, water, and
minerals into organic compounds and
gaseous oxygen.
All living organisms must obtain and use
energy to live.A living organism can either
make its own food or depend on others to
make food for them. For example green
plants produce their own food from a
process called photosynthesis. They use the
chloroplasts in their cells to capture energy
in sunlight.
• Anabolism (constructive anabolism) = his is a process
where by living organisms use simpler substances to
put together, or build complex substances such as
carbohydrates, proteins and fats for storage. Such an
activity is known as an anabolic activity.
• Catabolism (destructive catabolism) = this is when
the cells in living organisms, breakdown complex
substances and molecules into simpler substances,
often to release energy for use.
• Metabolism = this is the sum of all the chemical
reactions (anabolic and catabolic activities) that go on
in the cells of living organisms. It is a continous
process because the moment metabolism stops, the
living organism will die.
FINISH