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8 May, 2019

Education system of
Kazakhstan

Course: Historical Approach and Education


ELTE, PPK
Presenters: Aigerim Satubaldina,
Madina Karsakpayeva
 Introduction
 Historical background-
development of education
system
 Educational system of the country
 Kindergarten
 Primary school

Content  Lower secondary school


 Higher secondary school
 Lyceums and Colleges
 Public Funding of Education
 The Bolashak Scholarship and
Scholars
 Inclusive education related
policies and practice
Historical
Background
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_DFSppBKFM&t=8s
At the beginning of the 20th
century, most of Kazakh children
had the opportunity to study only
Educational in aul madrasas - schools by the
mosques.
development
As for 1916, there were only a
very few Russian and Russian-
Kazakh schools in Kazakhstan.

After gaining independence


from the Soviet Union,
Kazakhstan began educational
reforms.
The
founders
of Kazakh 

schools

Zhangir Khan
Main
Influencers
in
Education

A.Kunanbayev Y. Altynsarin
First schools in Kazakhstan
Alma-Ata, 1991 - 1997 Nur-Sultan (Astana), 1997 - currently
The The education system in
Kazakhstan is overseen by the
education Ministry of Education.

system Schooling is mandatory for all


students between the ages of
6 and 15.
Various levels make up
Kazakhstan’s system of
education.
Primary school

PRIMARY SCHOOL IN CLASSES TYPICALLY RUN TEXTBOOKS ARE GIVEN PRIMARY SCHOOL IS
KAZAKHSTAN STARTS AT IN TWO SESSIONS, FROM BY GOVERNMENT IN THE PROVIDED FREE TO ALL
AGE 6 AND RUNS FROM 8 UNTIL 1 AND FROM 1 SCHOOLS TO THE CITIZENS AND RESIDENTS
YEARS 1 – 5. UNTIL 5, WITH STUDENTS STUDENTS. OF KAZAKHSTAN AND
EITHER GOING TO CLASS PARENTS TYPICALLY PAY
IN THE MORNING OR IN ONLY FOR EXTRA-
THE AFTERNOON. CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES.
 Students continue in lower secondary
school from grade 5 to year 9(as junior
high school, or middle school, in the USA)
 Typically a student in year 8 is 14–15 years
old.

Lower
 The curriculum is a general education
curriculum covering subjects like:
• literature,

secondary •

student's first language, Russian or Kazakh
language,

school
history,
• physics,
• mathematics,
• biology,
• chemistry,
• foreign language, etc.
 There are three tracks available.
 Students are free to choose any track of higher

Higher
secondary education but are required to pursue
one track. Graduates of all three tracks are
eligible to enter university.

Secondary
The first track is a general secondary school which
covers grades 10 -11 and provides general
education covering a variety of subjects.
 The second track is Initial training schools (ITS) are

School 
designed to train students in a skilled profession
(usually 2-3 years).
After graduation of ITS - Colleges for advanced
vocational training or attend university.
 The state provides costs of education from the
budget.
In addition, there are two curriculum tracks for vocational
education:
Initial vocational education which is provided by training
schools and lyceums,

Lyceums
secondary vocational education provided by colleges and
trade schools.

and
Lyceums also provide basic vocational education to prepare
students for skilled professions, but also includes general
academic education.
The course of study is three years.

Colleges The state provides costs of education from the budget.

Colleges give a program that provides both academic


general education and advanced vocational education.
Colleges, if licensed, can also provide initial vocational
education.
Programs last for three or four years (grades 10 – 12).
There are three levels of education in
Kazakhstan:

Levels of  Bachelors Degree — typically a four-


year degree.

Higher  Masters Degree — typically a two-


year degree, roughly corresponding

Education 
to the Western masters.
Doctoral Degree — typically a
three-year program.
Students who have not received general
upper secondary – state funding.

Public
Funding of Vocational track - state order program –

Education state funding

Merit-based competition – grades,


recommendations from teachers or
public officials.
Overall
•Enhancing competitiveness, developing human
potential to support sustainable economic
development and welfare of citizens.

Objectives of
Higher education
Immediate
development in •Ensure that higher and postgraduate education
Kazakhstan (State graduates are fit for industrial and innovative
Programme of development of the country;
•Internationalization of higher education, integration
Education into the European Higher Education Area.
Development in •Integration of education, science and industry,
creating conditions for the commercialization of
RK for 2011-20) intellectual property products and technologies,
preparing highly qualified teaching and research
staff.
 Joining the Bologna process, introduction of the
three-tier training system (Bachelor's degree,
Master's degree, Ph.D.) in higher and post-higher
education;

Integration  National model of credit transfer based on ECTS


functional;

into EHEA, 

Setting up national system of quality assurance;
Diploma supplement issued by National HEIs (9);

involvement  National model of academic mobility before


2020 implemented (over 1750 BA and Master
students in 2011-2013 spent a period in EU, South-

in Bologna
East Asia, USA and NIS);
 Bologna process and Academic mobility Centre
functional;

process 

NQF compatible with EU QF adopted;
38 higher education institutions implementing
double degree programmes.
The Bolashak Scholarship of the President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, was created in 1993 by the
decree of the President.

The Merit-based scholarship


The selection process includes - academic

Bolashak
credentials, competence in the language of study,
psychological testing, interview process,
commitment to development of Kazakhstan and
patriotism.

Scholarship The final decision is made by the Republican


Commission.
The Republican Commission approves the
country of study and program of study.
The Bolashak Scholarship

The Scholarship requires that all recipients return to Kazakhstan after graduating and
work for five years in Kazakhstan.
The Scholarship pays for all costs related to education, including tuition and fees,
costs of travel, and a living stipend.
Scholars are expected to maintain academic excellence. In the US, this translates to
a 3.0 GPA.
Over 25 years of the Bolashak program implementation, 12,898 scholarships have
been awarded.
Inclusive education in
Kazakhstan
Medical Model of Disability

TRADITIONAL FOR MOST OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

CLAIMS THAT PEOPLE ARE DISABLED BY THEIR IMPAIRMENTS AND SHOULD BE ‘FIXED’ OR TREATED
EVEN WHEN THE IMPAIRMENT OR DIFFERENCE DOES NOT CAUSE PAIN OR SERIOUS ILLNESS
DEVELOPED AS MODERN MEDICINE SURFACED AND ADVANCED DURING THE 19TH CENTURY

DISABILITY IS A DEFICIENCY OR ABNORMALITY

BEING DISABLED IS NEGATIVE AND PROBLEMATIC

NO EQUAL RIGHTS

DISABILITY IS ONLY AN INDIVIDUAL ISSUE


Terminology

Handicapped Mentally Invalid Blind Deaf and dumb Special


abnormal school/boarding
school
 Law No.343-II dated 11
July 2002 “On social
and medical-
pedagogical
correctional support for
children with
disabilities”
 Law RK No 39-III of April
13, 2005 on the Social
Protection of Persons
with Disabilities in the
Republic of Kazakhstan
Ratification of UN
National education Convention on the
plan 2011-2020 rights of disabled
persons , February,2015
Social
Model of
Disability
Disabled

Terminology Person with mental


health condition

Wheelchair user

Person with visual


impairment

Person with hearing


impairment

Inclusive classroom

Individual
education plan
Inclusive
education
initiatives
Inclusive
classroom
and Tutor
assistance
practice
Lack of
support for
students
with
disabilities
in higher
education
 Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2013. Kazakhstan in Figures. http://www.eng.stat.kz
 Aitzhanova, A., S. Katsu, J.F. Linn, and V. Yezhov, eds.
2014. Kazakhstan 2050. Toward a Modern Society for
All. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
 Asian Development Bank. n.d. Kazakhstan: Economy.
http://www.adb.org/countries/kazakhstan/economy
 Brunner, J.J., and A. Tillett. n.d. Higher Education in
Central Asia. The Challenges of Modernization.
Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

References  Dixon, J., and D. Soltys, eds. 2013. A Handbook to


Understanding the Bologna Process for Kazakhstani
Higher Education Administrators. Almaty: Akadem
Press.Google Scholar
 Dzholdasbekov, U., and E. Kuznetsov. 1975. Kazakh
State University and Higher Education in the Kazakh
SSR. Alma-Ata: Kirov Kazakh National University.Google
Scholar
 European Commission [EC]. 2010. Higher Education in
Kazakhstan.http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus/partici
pating_countries/reviews/kazakhstan_review_of_higher
_education.pdf
 Froumin, I., Y. Kouzminov, and D. Semyonov. 2014.
Institutional Diversity in Russian Higher Education: Revolutions
and Evolution. European Journal of Higher Education2014:
1–26. doi: 10.1080/21568235.2014.91653.CrossRefGoogle
Scholar
 Heynemann, S.P. 2010. A Comment on the Changes in
Higher Education in the Post-Soviet Union. European
Education 42 (1): 76–87. doi: 10.4934/EUE1056-4934420104.
 Heynemann, S.P., K.H. Anderson, and N. Nuraliyeva. 2007.
The Cost of Corruption in Higher Education. Comparative
Education Review 52 (1): 1–25.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/524367CrossRefGoogle
Scholar

References  Kazakhstani Ministry of Economics. 2015. Statistics of the


Kazakhstani Ministry of Economics.
http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersE
ducation?_afrLoop=19040397582307102#%40%3F_afrLoop%
3D19040397582307102%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D3v2o6ed7c_58
 Kazakhstani Ministry of Education and Science [MoES]. 2010.
The State Program of Education Development in the
Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011–2020. Astana:
MoES.Google Scholar
 ———. 2014. Statistics of the Kazakhstani Education System.
2014. Astana: MoES. http://www.edu.gov.kz
 ———. 2015. Statistics of the Kazakhstani Education System.
2015. Astana: MoES. http://www.edu.gov.kz
http://autism.kz/
https://www.enbek.gov.kz/ru/frontpage-
MINISTRY OF LABOR AND SOCIAL PROTECTION OF
POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Disabilities. (2019). Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/

References

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