MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ……..

SUBMITTED BY :
Gauri Bukkawar(04)
B,arch Xth sem
 CONTENTS

•SOURCES OF ENERGY
•SOLAR ENERGY
•APPLICATIONS
•INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO
•POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
•PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT
•SOLAR CELL
•SOLAR PANELS
•TYPES OF PANELS
•PROCESS OF ENERGY GENERATION
•CALCULATIONS
•ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
•CONCLUSION
•WEBOGRAPHY

MOVING TOWRDS SOLAR ENERGY……..

 SOURCES OF ENERGY

SOURCES OF ENERGY

RENEWABLE ENERGY NON RENEWABLE ENERGY

(COAL, PETROLEUM,
SOLAR ENERGY GASES...Etc)

NUCLEAR ENERGY

ENERGY SYORED IN WATER

WIND ENERGY

TIDAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL ENRGY

THERMOELECTRIC POWER

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is intense radiation coming from the sun.

This energy can be captured and converted into two major useful forms: Heat and Electricity.

The amount of energy captured depends on geographical location and amount of “radiation source”
available.

The amount of energy is greatest in afternoon

compared to morning and evening times.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATION

1. Solar water heating

2. Solar air heating
3. Solar crop and timber drying
4. Solar water distillation
5. Solar cooking
6. Solar passive and active heating of buildings
7. Solar refrigeration and air conditioning
8. Solar power generation
9. Solar electricity generation by solar cell etc.

SOLAR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDINGS

Simple Passive Solar Techniques -Site condition
- Plan Form
- Building Orientation
- Building envelop
Advance Passive Solar Techniques-
Heating Techniques - Thromb Wall Cooling Techniques - Evaporative cooling
- Water Wall - Nocturnal Radiation
- Roof pond - Induced Ventilation
- Solar Chimney - Earth Sheltering
- Solarium - Wind tower
- Earth air tunnel
- curved roof

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

-
 SCENARIO IN INDIA

India is a country occupying 2% of the world's land mass and currently generating about 2% of the
global electricity.

India has, however a share of 16% in the world's population.

Even with full utilization of all existing non-renewable resources, this level of increased generation
capacity cannot be sustained for more than a few decades.

To meet energy demand solar power can play an important role.

India, the world's second-most populous country, is facing a looming energy crisis.

Given that this is a tropical country rich in sunlight, solar energy offers the most practicable solution to
overcoming growing energy demand.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 POWER GENERATION IN INDIA

Installed Capacity Million Watts

Coal 81605

Diesel 1200

Gas 16822
3% 2%

Total 99627

Solar and Renewable

Energy 15225

Present condition Future condition

Nuclear 4120

Grand Total 118972

Source: Ministry of power, As on March 31, 2009

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….
 PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT

The photovoltaic effect involves the creation of a voltage in a material upon which exposure is taken
place.

In this the generated electrons are transferred from one material to another resulting in the buildup of a
voltage between two electrodes.

In most photovoltaic applications the

radiation is sunlight and for this reason the
devices making use of the photovoltaic effect
to convert solar energy into electrical energy
are known as solar cells.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 SOLAR CELL

A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic
effect.

Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules or photovoltaic arrays.

The energy generated this way is an example of solar energy.

solar cells are capable of producing electricity for at least twenty

years without a significant decrease in efficiency.

The typical warranty given by panel manufacturers

is for a period of 25 - 30 years.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 TYPES OF SOLAR CELL

Thin film processing

Metamorphic multijunction solar cell

Polymer processing

Transparent conductors

Silicon-wafer based solar cells

Infrared solar cells

UV solar cell

3d solar cells

Photovoltaic thermal hybrid

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 SOLAR PANEL

Solar cells are encapsulated as a module(a single panel), and a set of panels are made.

Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the

front (sun up) side, allowing light to pass while protecting
the semiconductor wafers from the elements like rain.

Solar cells are also usually connected in series in modules,

creating an additive voltage.

Connecting cells in parallel will yield a higher current.

Modules are then interconnected, in series or parallel,
or both, to create an array with the desired peak DC
voltage and current.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL

MONOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS

Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a large crystal of silicon.

These types of solar panels are the most efficient as in absorbing sunlight and converting it into
electricity; however they are the most expensive.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL

POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANELS

Polycrystalline solar panels are the most common type of solar panels on the market today. They look a
lot like shattered glass.

They are slightly less efficient than the monocrystalline solar panels and less expensive to produce.

Instead of one large crystal, this type of solar panel consists of multiple amounts of smaller silicon
crystals.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 PROCESS OF ENERGY GENERATION

Photovoltaic cells are capable of directly converting sunlight into electricity.

Battery needed as storage – Higher the power, higher will be the battery capacity

The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts.

Sunlight hits the PV panel and the panel transforms the light energy into electrical energy.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 CALCULATION

Clear of shade from a minimum of 10 A.M. to 2 P.M. on December 21st.

Calculate the AC and DC load.

The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts.

To make practical use of the solar-generated energy, the electricity is most often convert into the
electricity grid using inverters (grid-connected photovoltaic systems).

And stored in batteries when not

required immediately.(stand alone system)

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 ADVANTAGES

All chemical and radioactive polluting by-products of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the
sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.

Available in ample amount at most places in India, free of cost, with proper comfort level.

Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have
the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!

The heat energy produced by sun, if ever captured completely, can satisfy entire mankind’s energy
requirement for hundreds of years.

It can be stored if not required immediately.

With proper designing, the electricity generated from solar energy can light up entire house.

The solar energy is noise free, pollution free, and maintenance free.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 DISADVANTAGES

Initial cost of project goes very high.

Sun does not shine consistently throughout the season and varies across geographical locations.

Also the 23 ½ degree tilt of earth axis ensures non-uniform distribution of solar energy.

Solar energy is a diffuse type of heat source.

The diffusion occurs due to various environmental factors like clouds, moisture, dust, pollutant and
altitude of the location.

The intensity of solar radiation after diffusion can vary from 10% to 100%.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 CONCLUSION

So, there is no doubt to say the scope of power generation using solar energy is very bright and to
becoming a developed nation the consumption of solar energy have to be done.

Goal is to decrease dependence on fossil fuels.

Currently, 75% of electrical power is generated by coal-burning and nuclear power plants, It can
be decreased.

Solar energy reduces the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and other.

Pollution free, indefinitely sustainable.

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….

 WEBOGRAPHY:

•www.powermin.nic.in
•www.mnes.nic.in
•www.specmet.com
•www.desertec.org/solarenergy

MOVING TOWARDS SOLAR ENERGY…….