FACTORS AFFECTING WATER

SUPPLY SYSTEM ACCORDING TO

WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
 FACTORS AFFECTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

• CLIMATE CHANGE
• INCEEASING WATER SCARCITY
• POPULATION GROWTH
• DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
• URBANIZATION
 CLIMATE CHANGE

• THE MAIN CLIMATE CONSEQUENCES RELATED TO WATER RESOURCES ARE INCREASES I N

TEMPERATURE, SHIFTS IN PRECIPITATION PATTERNS AND SNOW COVER, AND A LIKELY
INCREASE IN FREQUENCY OF FLOODING AND DROUGHT.
• CLIMATE CHANGE TENDS TO INCREASE THE FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF RAINFALL, THERE
MAY BE AN INCREASE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF FLOODING DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL EVENTS .
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE MAY ALSO BE AFFECTED WITH A REDUCTION IN THE AVAILABILITY
OF GROUNDWATER FOR DRINKING WATER IN SOME REGIONS.
 INCREASING WATER SCARCITY
• WATER SCARCITY CAN MEAN SCARCITY IN AVAILABILITY DUE TO PHYSICAL SHORTAGE, OR
SCARCITY IN ACCESS DUE TO THE FAILURE OF INSTITUTIONS TO ENSURE A REGULAR SUPPLY
OR DUE TO A LACK OF ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE.
• WATER SCARCITY ALREADY AFFECTS EVERY CONTINENT. WATER USE HAS BEEN GROWING
GLOBALLY AT MORE THAN TWICE THE RATE OF POPULATION INCREASE IN THE LAST CENTURY,
AND AN INCREASING NUMBER OF REGIONS ARE REACHING THE LIMIT AT WHICH WATER
SERVICES CAN BE SUSTAINABLY DELIVERED, ESPECIALLY IN ARID REGIONS.
 POPULATION GROWTH

• POPULATION GROWTH IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO WATER SCARCITY. GROWTH IN

POPULATION MEANS MOUNTING DEMAND AND COMPETITION FOR WATER FOR DOMESTIC,
INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL USES.
 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE

• CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS CAN STRAIN WATER RESOURCES

• POPULATION SIZE, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, URBANIZATION, AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT ALL INFLUENCE THE AMOUNT OF WATER WITHDRAWN AND THE QUALITY OF
THE WATER AVAILABLE.
 URBANIZATION

• URBAN AREAS CURRENTLY GIVE THE HOME TO APPROXIMATELY 50% OF THE GLOBAL
POPULATION, PROJECTED TO REACH OVER 60% BY 2050. IN THIS PERIOD, WATER DEMAND
WILL LIVE IN WATER-STRESSED AREAS.
• DUE RAPID URBANIZATION WATER SCARCITY AND POOR WATER QUALITY IN HEAVILY
OVERCROWDED CITIES, AS WELL AS THE LACK OF EXTENSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN
WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ARE PROBLEMS AFFECTING NOT ONLY THE POOREST BUT THE
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.