Passport PVG and VSP4 Overview

Passport PVG
Author:
Rade Gvozdanovic
Passport PVG Introduction &
Architecture
Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 1

Nortel Proprietary
Passport - Media Gateway Portfolio
• PP7480 PVG
– Multi-service gateway platform
– TDM/IP/ATM Trunk gateway
– VoIP and SVoATM, up to 8K DS0’s
– Aspen, SGCP, H248 control
interfaces
– Available Now
• PP15K PVG
– Multi-service gateway
– VoIP and SVoATM, up to 45K DS0’s
– High Density TDM/IP/ATM (OC-3/STM-1,
0C-12/STM-4)
– Aspen, MGCP, H248 control interfaces
– Carrier Grade CG154, Equipment,
Operational, Networking, Supplier
reliability
– Available November 00

Nortel Proprietary
The PP 7k PVG Voice Gateway
• The PP 7k PVG is a high performance, medium density,
Packet Voice Gateway for Carriers
– Carrier Scale Voice
• Scales from 120 - 8,064 VoIP ports per frame on PP8780
– Proven, Industry Leading, Voice Quality
• MOS 4.0 Toll Quality Voice Performance
• G.711, G.726 (32, 24,16)kb/s, G.729 8kb/s
• 32ms & 64ms G.168 Echo Cancellation
– Carrier Grade Reliability
• Full redundancy, carrier grade packaging
– Versatility in Service Offerings
• VoIP, VoATM (AAL1 and AAL2), VoTDM
• Supports multiple types of XGCP call server
• Architecture supports Voice over any Network type
• Supports Passport: Frame, ATM, and IP network services
– Network Manageability
• Integrated network management with Nortel CDN products
Carrier Grade Voice + Carrier Grade Data ++

Nortel Proprietary
PVG Architecture Mux
CO Switch
ATM/IP
Network PCM Voice on
Channelized DS3/E3
G.72x Voice on ATM AAL2 or IP T1
VSP FP:
2 Port T3/E3 TDM
Any VSP FP:
2 Slot Module 2 Port T3/E3 TDM
AAL0/1Card
OC3/STM1 30T1s (7202 DS0s)
VSP FP:
Slot Module 56 T1s (1344 DS0s)
AAL0/1Card
DS3 30 T1s (7202 DS0s)
Slot Module 32E1s (1024 DS0s)
56 T1s (1344 DS0s)
ATM UNI 30T1s (720 DS0s) 32E1s (1024 DS0s)
FP
ATM SI ATM SI
ATM SI ATM (CQC) SI
ATM (CQC) SI
Dual 800 Mbit/s Cell Buses

G.7xx Voice on AAL2/IP on AAL5 PCM Voice on Structured AAL1 PVG

Nortel Proprietary
Voice Services Processor
VSP • GA Product In Live Service Today
The Voice
Service
Processor
(VSP) is the
heart of the
PVG.
• 40,000 MIPs
• 720 channels
of
• G.726
(32kb/s)
• 32ms Ecan
• SAD

Nortel Proprietary
PP15K PVG Components
Design
PP15k PVG is a
simple port of
the PP7k PVG
voice system on
to the PP15000
platform.
The voice
service software Voice Service Processor (VSP)
& VoIP Application Software
ports directly Ported from PP7k PVG
PP15000 50Gb/s
and is identical. Carrier Grade PP15k PVG
The VSP Switch Platform Large Scale Carrier Grade
Provides VoIP & VoATM
hardware design Voice Gateway
High Density
is a re-layout of ATM/IP and TDM
the PP7k design Interfaces
• PP15k PVG is a repackaging of the existing PP7k
PVG Voice System (VoIP and VoATM) onto the PP
15000 platform
– 95% design reuse from PP7k PVG
Nortel Proprietary
PP 15k PVG
Nortel’s Large, Carrier Scale, Carrier Grade, Voice Gateway
Delivering:-
– Industry Leading Voice Density
• Scales from 2048 - 45,056 VoIP ports per frame
• 10 Million packets per second per frame
• 81 DS0s per square inch of floor space
• 4 port OC12 or OC48 Network Interface
• 4 port OC3 or OC12 TDM Interface
– Proven, Industry Leading, Voice Quality
• Uses proven PP7k PVG voice on packet technology
– Carrier Grade Reliability
• Full redundancy, carrier grade packaging, SONET APS
– Versatility in Service Offerings
• VoIP, VoATM (AAL1 and AAL2), VoTDM
• Supports multiple types of XGCP call server
• Architecture supports Voice over any Network type
• Supports Passport: Frame, ATM, and IP network services
– Network Manageability
• Integrated network management with Nortel CDN products
Nortel Proprietary
PP15k PVG Architecture
VoATM:- ATM/IP TDM
AAL2 now
AAL1 Q4.2001 Network Network
G711 / G.72x Voice
Call Server
RFC1483 for VoIP
on IP or ATM
Fax/modem, via 32
ADPCM, 64 kbps PCM
Generation / Collection
32/24 kbps ADPCM ATM 4 port DS3
(G.726) VSP FP 4 port 0C-3/STM-1
or 1 Port OC12/STM-4
Dynamic compression PoS 12 port DS3
AAL0/1Card
Silence suppression &
comfort noise (G.764) 8192 DS0s
Function Service
ECAN 32/64ms tail TDM IF’s
delay (G.165 , G.168) Processor Interface
Announcements
Network Tones
Digit Collection 50Gb/s Fabric
PRI
50Gb/s Fabric
G711 / G.72x Voice on IP or ATM PCM Voice on Structured AAL1

Nortel Proprietary
PVG Key Architectural Features
– ATM/Packet based interconnect

• Supports any traffic type
- Uncompressed TDM traffic transported via AAL1
- Compressed voice and voice band data transported via AAL2.
• Supports Packet to Packet Interworking gateways
– Full Multi-Service Capabilty
• Supports all Passport: ATM, Frame Relay and IP data services
– High density server based DSP architecture
• Add DSP resources as needed: up to 500,000 DSP MIPs+ per shelf
- Never run out of DSP MIPs
• Modular for growth and flexibility
• Soft download of access and transport protocols & voice band features
– VSP supports all known layer 2 traffic types simultaneously
• ATM (AAL1, AAL2, AAL5), HDLC, & TDM
• Provides Any to Any interworking capability
– High Capacity:
• up to 20,000 DS0 capacity (uncompressed)
• up to 12,000 DS0 switching capacity (ADPCM compressed with echo
cancellation)
Nortel Proprietary
PP15k PVG: The Unified Networking Solution
Wireless Network
Private Line Network
IP Network
Multi Service
Frame Relay Network Media Gateway
ATM Network
TDM Voice Network
• The LVG is a Carrier Strength, Integrated, Voice & Data Internetworking Product
• The LVG provides value to customers through:
– Bandwidth Reduction through Voice Compression while maintaining Toll quality
– Operational benefits through service consolidation in a common data network: ATM or IP
– Voice service Interworking between all major voice network types
The PP15k PVG enables Multi Service Unified Networking across all
major bearer network types
Nortel Proprietary
PVG Key Applications

Nortel Proprietary
Compressed Trunk Transport
IP over ATM (RFC 1483)
Carrier Scale Integrated
FR over ATM (FRF.5, FRF.8)
DCME & Service
CES (AAL1)
Consolidation
PVG PVG
PVG
IP IP
FR Broadband Network FR
ATM
CES CES
Compressed Voice over AAL2
PVC Service
T3/E1 T3/E1
TDM TDM
SS7
Network
DMS500 DMS500
• Consolidates Voice onto common ATM service backbone

• Transparent to ISUP signaling
• Provides Flexible Trunk Allocation and Routing
• Bandwidth savings up to 1200% through voice compression and SAD
Nortel Proprietary
Current PVG Voice Features on ATM
• Voice Encoding
– 64 Kbps PCM (G.711, A or µ-law),
– ADPCM (G.726) 32/24/16 kbps,
– Dynamic congestion control (up/down compression)
• Echo cancellation with 32 ms tail (G.164, G.168)
• Silence removal with comfort noise generation (G.764)
• Idle Channel Suppression
– Snooping PRI/CAS Signaling
– Silence Supression
• Voiceband data support
– Modem/(Fax) transport at 64kb/s PCM with 2100 Hz tone detection
– Fax Idle suppression
– Transparent Digital (ISDN) data
• Adaptation of voice to ATM using AAL2 VBR-rt
Carrier Class VoATM Solution with built in DCME

Nortel Proprietary
Voice Over ATM AAL2 Advantages
• Toll quality voice
– Voice compression
– Silence suppression
• Dynamic bandwidth allocation

– Vbr-rt (not in AAL1)
• Statistical multiplexing
– Unused bandwidth is instantly allocable for other traffic types (AAL1 has fixed
bandwidth allocations i.E not good for multiservice applications)
• Variable packet fill delay

– Trade off delay and efficiency for each connection
• Industry standard
– The ATM forum adapted the itu-standards and approved the “ATM trunking
using AAL-2 for narrowband services” specification (AF-VTOA-0113.000) in
february 1999.

Nortel Proprietary
AAL2 Connection Overview
TDM <-> AAL2 AAL-2 <-> TDM
VCC
n x E1 TDM n x E1 TDM
ATM
MSC Tandem
Fixed Mapping
DS0:CID CID:DS0
T1 Frame ATM AAL-2 Cells

T1 Frame
• Implementation according to ATMF VTOA LLT Using AAL2

– Voice transport over ATM uses AAL2 for low delay and high efficiency
– AAL2 uses BW only when required - fundamental advantage over TDM or
AAL1
– AAL2 VCCs provisioned into PVGs,
– Bandwidth savings through:
• ADPCM - G726 ,
• CS-ACELP- G.729
• Silence suppression
• Fax relay
• Idle channel suppression through idle code detection / silence suppression
– Carrier quality echo cancellation available on all channels
– Transparency to DTMF, and High Speed Modems
Nortel Proprietary
PVG Voice Quality Differentiators
• Speech Compression Algorithms
– Fully ITU bit compliant algorithms used, No compromise on
performance to use less DSP MIPS.
• Low System Delay
– 10ms packetisation delay for compressed speech, 5ms for 64
k/bits/s.
– 20ms de-jitter buffer.
• DSP Power
– Each VSP provides an awesome resource of 40,000 DSP Mips.
• Echo Canceller
– Exceeds the G.168 spec and guidelines and beats/equals
Market leaders on performance.

Nortel Proprietary
PVG Voice Features in 1H.01
• CS-ACELP (G.729) 8kb/s Voice Encoding
• Fax Relay
• 64ms Echo Canceller
• Higher density G.711 and G.726
• DTMF Relay
• COT tone generation
• Digit collection
• Call Progress Tones
• Local Announcements
• SVCs for AAL2 ATM connections
Enhanced Services & Further Compression

Nortel Proprietary
Virtual Tandem Switch on AAL2
Evolve to Virtual Call processing
Tandem switched CS2000 Narrowband signaling
CS3000
services through
addition of Call
PVG PVG
Server(s) PVG
Broadband Network
ATM
X X
Compressed Voice Virtual
Virtual AAL2 Trunks Tandem
Voice Voice
ISUP Trunks
ISUP Trunks
SS7 E1
E1 Network TDM
TDM
C0 C0

Nortel Proprietary
Switched Trunking using CS
PVC/SVC ATM
CS CS
T1/E1 PVG PVG T1/E1
TDM TDM
ATM
ISUP
signaling trunk ISUP
DMS 500 DMS 500

DS0:CID
DS0 to VCC.CID CID”:DS0
mappings created
on a call by call
basis
T1/E1 Frame ATM AAL-2 Cell T1/E1 Frame
• Dynamic Call by Call Switching of Voice Calls

– CS terminates ISUP signaling from TDM switch
– PVG uses ATM SVCs or PVCs to establish AAL2 VCCs
across ATM Network to remote PVG
• May have multiple AAL2 VCCs between PVGs
– PVG sets up AAL2 connections on the AAL2 VCCs across the
ATM network on a call by call basis under the control of the
CS
Nortel Proprietary
Call Setup with SVC
CS2k
ATM
TDM Switch PVG2 TDM Switch

PVG1 ATM CS2k
ISUP IAM message
CreateCon (EP_ds0-1, ConMode= recvonly,SDP($$$))

Ack (conn_ID 1 , SDP(NSAP.PVG1, $$)
CreateCon (EP_ds0-2,
ConMode= sendrecv,SDP(NSAP.PVG1, $$))
Q.2931 SetUp (NSAP.PVG1, VCCI1) Start

Q.2931 SetUp(VCCI1)
Timer
Q.2931 Connect Tvcc(1)
Q.2931 Connect
Stop
Ack (conn_ID2 , Timer
ModifyCon (EP_ds0-1, conn_ID 1 , Tvcc(1)
SDP(PVG2 NSAP, VCCI 1, CID 1 )
SDP(PVG2 NSAP, VCCI 1, CID 1 ))
ISUP IAM message
Ack ()
ISUP ACM message
ModifyCon (EP_ds0-1, conn_ID 1 ,
ConMode= sendrecv)
Ack ()
ISUP ACM message

ISUP ANM message
ISUP ANM message

Nortel Proprietary
Virtual Tandem Switch on IP
Evolve to Virtual Call processing
Tandem switched CS2000 Narrowband signaling
CS3000
services through
addition of Call
PVG PVG
Server(s)
Core IP Network
X X
VoIP Connection Virtual
Tandem
Voice T3/E3 T3/E3 Voice
ISUP Trunks
ISUP Trunks TDM TDM
SS7
Network
C0 C0

Nortel Proprietary
PVG VoIP Architecture
XGCP
Router ISUP ISUP
IP STP TDM
on IP on MTP
Network Switch
SoftSwitch
PCM Voice on
Signaling Server
VoIP over ATM (RFC 1483) Channelized T3/E3
New. 2 Port T3/T3 TDM

New.
Voice Service FP: 2 Port T3/E3 TDM
AAL0/1Card
Any 2 SlotVoice Service
Module FP:
Voice Service FP: 56 T1s (1344 DS0s)
AAL0/1Card
2 Slot Module
VoIP Gateway 2 Slot Module 32 T1s (1024 DS0s)
56 T1s (1344 DS0s)
ATM VoIP VoIP
Gateway
Voice Gateway 32 T1s (1024 DS0s)
FP
ATM SI ATM SI
ATM SI ATM SI
ATM SI

VoIP over ATM (RFC 1483) XGCP.IP.ATM (RFC 1483) PCM Voice on Structured AAL1 PVG
Nortel Proprietary
PVG VoIP Signaling and Traffic Flow
PVG
PDC PDC PDC

SI SI SI
3DS3ATM VSP 2DS3AAL1
SGCP/MGCP
Control
Transcoding
+ SAD
UDP/ IP G7xx
ATM Connection Packetized PCM
Timeslot
Control G711
Mapping
RTP/
Timeslot
SAAL UDP/IP
VoIP RFC1483/
Network Cell Relay AAL5
AAL1 AAL1
E1 TDM
ATM ATM ATM ATM ATM
M0-1-3
Router OC3 PHY Bus PHY Bus PHY Bus PHY Bus PHY Mux
E3 PHY
ATM TDM

Nortel Proprietary
PVG and Succession

Nortel Proprietary
Packet Voice Succession Solution Preside Network & Service Management
Shasta Security/Policy Management
CS2000 Databases CS3000
Network
Communication CS 2000 Manager
CS 3000
Servers
Juniper Passport
15000
Packet Transport Core
Broadband
Switching
MG4000 Cable Head End
Media Gateway Passport Media Gateways
Media Gateways
Gateways
Universal Edge CVX Wireless
Media Gateways Media Gateways
Media Gateways
Access Comprehensive Portfolio of CPE Media

Gateways

Nortel Proprietary
PP 15000 PVG
• Carrier Scale ATM/IP Voice Gateway CS2000 Succession
Network
• 17K DS0 ports per PP15K shelf, Manager
• 35K DS0 ports per Frame

• Toll Voice Quality: MOS 4.0
• 64ms+ G.768 Echo Cancellation Broadband Switching
• Succession Media Gateway

• CS2000 & CS3000 Support
• Succession Network Management
• INM / Preside Element Management
• Carrier Grade Reliability Media Gateways
• GR 929, GR 1110, NEBS

Passport 15000
• Versatility in Service Offerings Packet Voice Gateway
• VoIP and VoATM (AAL1 and AAL2) with interworking

• Call Server Flexibility: MGCP, Megaco / H.248, ASPEN, SGCP
• Codec Flexibility: PCM, ADPCM (32K/24K/16K), CS-ACELP (8K)
• Bandwidth Efficiency: Silence Suppression, Fax Demod
Nortel Proprietary
TDM Network
Tandem
Voice
Switch
TDM
TDM
Central Office Central Office
DMS or third SS7 DMS or third
party Switch party Switch
STP
Nortel Proprietary
Packet Voice Network
ATM
or
IP
MG MG
Router
TDM
TDM
ATM
Or IP
MGC MGC
SG

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 28

Nortel Proprietary
Succession Hardware 1
PP15000 PVG PP15000 PVG
ATM
or IP
Router
ATM
Or IP
CS3000 CS3000
USP

Nortel Proprietary
ATM
or IP
Router
ATM
Or IP
CS2000 CS2000


Nortel Proprietary
ATM
or IP
UAS
Router
ATM
Or IP
CS2000 CS2000
UE9000
Central Office POTS

DMS or third SS7
xDSL
party Switch
DS1/E1 others

Nortel Proprietary
Packet Telephony Protocols (1)
ATM
or
IP
MG
MG
Router
IP
MGC MGC
SG

SS7 DMS or third
DMS or third

Nortel Proprietary
Packet Telephony Protocols (2)
ATM
or
IP
MG
MG
Router
IP
MGC MGC
SG

SS7 DMS or third
DMS or third

Nortel Proprietary
Call Engine Main Functions
• Call Processing
– ISUP protocol termination / SS7 Support
– Gateway Device Control
– Implement in-switch and SCP based IN/AIN services
• Screening, translations and routing services (STaRS)
– Screening: authentication & authorization for each caller
– Translation: interpretation/manipulation of the dialed destination code
– Routing: route list to a specific destination
• Generation of billing & other management records
– Event blocks
– Operational measurements
– SNMP alarms

Nortel Proprietary
CS2000
• Built on the DMS XA-Core processor platform,
– Very high performance optimized for application
– Distributes call processing and system functions
across processing elements.
• Highlights
– Supports full set of DMS Features
– CS2000 enables Service Providers to offer their
residential and business customers a comprehensive
set of telephony services
– Completely equivalence with Class 3-5 central office
circuit switches for both circuit switch migration and
new build networks.

Nortel Proprietary
CS3000
• Runs on commercial computing platforms
– Sun UltraSPARC Enterprise 4500
• 1-14 CPUs, 14 GB memory, up to 4 TB storage
• Highlights
– 200,000 BHCA
– Call Processing / STaRS
• ISUP protocol termination / SS7 Support
• Gateway Device Control
• Implement in-switch and SCP based IN/AIN services
• Screening: authentication & authorization for each caller
• Translation: interpretation of the dialed destination code
• Routing: route list to a specific destination
– Generation of billing & other management records

Nortel Proprietary
Universal Signaling Point (USP)
• Reliable
• CO compliant (NEBS) STP
STP
• always available / non-stop systems
• hot-swap card change-out
• SW upgrade without downtime
• Scaleable
• processing / interface “slices”
• 16 “slices” / shelf. Up to 12 shelves / system
• Distributed Processing
• multiple application instances
• processing elements communicate via 25Mbps
ATM
• shelf level geographic independence
• Standards Based Open Architecture
• VME 64 mechanics
• PCI Bus / VME Bus
• Commercial OS (VxWorks SS core in first
implementation) • Typical SS7-IP System
• Multi OS capability on a per “slice” basis
• 16 SS7 links
• Windows 95 based graphical OA&M Interface
• 4 IP interfaces allows routing
diversity in failure mode
Nortel Proprietary
Universal Edge Gateway UE9000MG
+
-CSC 2048 lines
(future: 2048 lines per IG
total 2688 )
MVI 2048 lines per IG
total 2688
-TR08 672 lines (Future)
(Future) Vo
IP
(Future)
(Future)
(Future)
NT1 • UE9000 is a platform made to support a world which is in constant

network evolution
(Future) • Services (VoIP, ADSL, VDSL, Etherloop, G-Lite…)
• Network Management (uEMS, INM)
• Mechanical properties for NA & ETSI (Future)
1Nortel Proprietary
Universal Audio Server
• Network Wide Audio Provisioning
• Audio in Gateways
• Multiple Announcement Servers
• Easy, error free provisioning
• Strong Audio Capability
• Audio variables
• Multiple languages
• Integral error handling
• Dynamic recording Announcements
• Industry Standard Components Conferencing
• Windows NT, Intel PC, PCI cards
• Rich source of functionality (text-to-speech, speech recognition, conferencing,
etc)
• Excellent Scalability
• Single to 20 box configuration
• Geographic Flexibility
• Establish site redundancy by distributing components

Nortel Proprietary
Passport PVG Design
VSP Overview

Nortel Proprietary
VSP Card Architecture
VPM VPM
DSP DSP
TDM Voice Voice
Switch VPM VPM
TDM TDM DSP DSP
Voice Voice
ATM ATM VPM VPM
System Adaptation Distribution DSP DSP
Interface AAL Cell/ & Switching Cell/ Voice Voice
0,1,2,5
Packet Packet VPM VPM
IP/UDP DSP DSP
Forwarding Voice Voice
Packet
Switch Signaling Control
Service
Area
• Optimized for Compute intensive Carrier Applications

• Supports any mix of Cell, AAL2 packet, IP packet, HDLC Frame, and TDM
• Built in payload switching capability
• Unique Mix and Match capability
• Soft download of new features
Nortel Proprietary
VSP FP H/W Architecture
VSP Voice processor
VPM VSP Standard PP15K Design
Packet & TDM Path
VPM TDM
Context
FPGA Ingress
VPM Memory Queue
Memory
AAE
VPM
Packet Ingress Fabric X
Memory PQC2 CPAC
VPM FPGA
Packet Routing Routing

Switch FPGA Memory
FPGA
VPM
Egress CPAC
PQC2
FPGA
VPM Fabric Y
Context
VPM Egress Queue
Memory Memory Rebo
VPM FPGA
i960 Bus
VPM
V3
PCI/i960
Three Sections PCI Bus (Control)
Bridge
• Standard PP15K MPC106 Serial A

FPGA
• VSP Data Path Ports B
128 MB
• Packet Servers SDRAM
PPC750 FLASH
or existing VPM DSP

servers 1 MB
L2 Cache
VSP Mother Card Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 43

Nortel Proprietary
Switched Virtual Trunking Traffic Flow
DS1/E1-TPC set TDM - ATM VCC mapping ATM SVCs
DSPn Set up Call by Call
up Call by Call TP
C AAL FPGAs
LCID Packet ATM VCC
TP
Switch AAL2
C
DSO Per VCC
TP
DSPn+1 Adpator
C
ATM VCC
T1/E1 TP AAL2
C LCID Per VCC
TP Adpator
C
T1/E1 ATM VCC
DSO TP AAL2
C Per VCC
TP LCID Adpator
C ATM VCC
AAL2
TP
Per VCC
C
DSO Adpator
TP LCID
C ATM VCC
TPC: Aspen 2.1 AAL5
Traffic Processing TP Control Per VCC
Capability C & Resource Adpator
DSPn+2
Management
Nortel Proprietary
VoIP Traffic Flow
DS1/E1-TPC set DSP TDM - remote UDP.IP address
up Call by Call TP mapping set up Call by Call
C
AAL FPGAs One VCC per IP
TP address
C
DSO Packet Switch
TP
C AAL5
VCC Per VCC ATM VCC
TP
T1/E1 Adpator
C
&
TP
UDP
C G.7xx/RTP/UDP/I
Router
T1/E1 P/1483/AAL4/AT
DSO TP M
C VCC
TP
C
TP
C
DSO TP
TPC: C AAL5 ATM VCC
H.248
Traffic Processing TP Control Per VCC
Capability C & Resource Adpator
DSP
Management
Nortel Proprietary
VSP Datapath Exploded View
TDM-AAL2 Packet/
AAL2 Cell VPM
VPM
ATM AAL VPM
VPM
X
Switch Packet
Packet
System & Cell Packet
Traffic
TDM Handler
X Handler
Handler
Interface Router Switch Handler
AAL2
MCA
ATM Cell AAl2 packet + RTAG AAl2 packet + RTAG AAl2 packet + RTAG Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice X
TDM Processor
Processor
Processor
ATM Cell TDM Bus TDM Bus PCM samples Processor
Packet/ VPM
AAL2 Cell VPM
VPM
ATM VPM
Switch Packet
Packet
System AAL Packet
Traffic
TDM Handler
X Handler
Handler
Interface Switch Handler
AAL2
ATM Cell ATM Cell AAl2 packet + RTAG AAl2 packet + RTAG AAl2 packet + RTAG
TDM
ATM Cell ATM Cell TDM Bus TDM Bus PCM samples

Nortel Proprietary
VSP Datapath Exploded View
TDM-VoIP Packet/
UDP VPM
VPM
ATM AAL Cell VPM
VPM
X
Router Switch Packet
Packet
System & Cell Packet
Packet
TDM X Handler
Handler
Interface Router Handler
Handler
Switch
IP
AAL5
ATM Cell ATM Cell +TAG ATM Cell + RTAG ATM Cell + RTAG IP Packet + RTAG Voice
Voice
Voice
Voice X
TDM Processor
Processor
Processor
ATM Cell TDM Bus TDM Bus PCM samples Processor
Packet/ VPM
Cell VPM
VPM
ATM AAL VPM
Switch Packet
Packet
System AAL Packet
Packet
X
TDM Handler
Handler
Interface Handler
Handler
Switch
IP
AAL5
ATM Cell ATM Cell IP Packet + QID ATM Cell + RTAG ATM Cell + RTAG IP Packet + RTAG
TDM
ATM Cell ATM Cell TDM Bus TDM Bus PCM samples

Nortel Proprietary
Voice Services Processor
VSP 15k
• The World’s Densest Voice Processing Engine in the world
The Voice
Service
Processor
(VSP) is the
heart of the
PVG. Each VSP
provides 50,000
DSP MIPs
harnessing
enough flexible
DSP processing
power to handle
1120 channels
of
• G.726 (32kb/s)
• 64ms Ecan
• SAD
Nortel Proprietary
VSP PP15K

Nortel Proprietary
DSP Technology
Top
DSP
Technology
World leading:
The PVG Voice Bottom 5cm
MIPs per cm2
Processing MIPs per watt
13.5cm
Module (VPM)
achieves world • The Voice Processing Module is the core engine of the PVG VSP
leading • Each VSP supports 2048 ports and uses 10 VPMs at 208 ports each
functional • VPM provides
density – Channel capability 208 Channels of VoIP with SAD + Ecan per VPM
– 12 Channels of VoIP with SAD + Ecan per DSP
combined with – Number of DSP’s: 18 Motorola 56311
world class – 150 MIP 3.3v I/O 1.8v core 196 PBGA
– MIP Capability: 5100 (2700 Core + 2400 EFCOP)
voice on packet – Size: 13.5 x 5 cm
voice quality: – Very Low Power: 4.5 Watts approx
and is still • Pin & Code compatible evolution to 200Mip + 56321
improving • Evaluating option to migrate to StarCore or TI55xx series by 1H
2002

Nortel Proprietary
PVG DSP Technology Evolution
810/8096
Number of VoIP Chans/VPM

DSP Evolution
Number of Channels/VSP
The VPM >1000 MIP DSP
provides
flexibility for
PVG to track
rapid DSP power
208/2048
evolution from
100MIPs to 1000 150 MIP Motorola 311
19 DSP’s/ VPM 196pBGA
MIPs by end 208 Chans G.711 VoIP + ECAN /VPM
year 2001. on VSP2
4 Watts Pdiss
80/880
100 MIP Motorola 307

19 DSP’s/VPM (16 for Voice processing)
80 Chans Chans VoIP + ECAN /VPM
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
1999 2000 2001
Nortel Proprietary
PVG Software Overview

Nortel Proprietary
PVG Software Architecture
ATM
N/W SVC
API API ATM
Announcement
VGS s
TDM I/F
Traffic
Path Stats PRI
OA&M I/F XGCP
HAL Digit
Collection
ATM Base Voice Gateway Connection
Application Manager MF/CAS
PP OOA
Base DSP VxWorks
Voice VxWorks
& &
Processing
PP OS & Drivers Drivers Drivers
PDC VPM SPM SSM

(i960/PPC750) (56311 DSP) (MPC860) (MPC860)
VSP Hardware
Nortel Proprietary
PVG Components
• Passport Base
– H/W and S/W
• VSP FP
– H/W
– PDC Software
• PP Base interfaces
• OA&M
• ATM networking
– SPM Software
• Media gateway control
• Connection setup
• DSP control
– SSM Software
• Announcements
• Signaling backhaul
– VPM DSP software
• Voice processing
• Voice packetization
• TDM Interface FP
– H/W
– PDC Software

Nortel Proprietary
Processor Daughter Card Software
• Responsibilities :
– Hardware drivers
– FP Provisioning
– OA&M
– Interface to Passport network services & other FPs
– ATM connection setup (PVC and SVC)
• Software Structure
– Voice Gateway Application
• Designed and Coded using “Kenedy Carter” OOA tool
• Some C++ coded elements
– Networking subsystem
• C++ based design
• Multi site working possible given good organization
– Dynamic data journaling
• C++ based design

Nortel Proprietary
Signaling Processor Module Software
– DSP control
– Call By Call connection setup (ATM & IP)
– Media Gateway Control Protocol
– Media gateway resource control
• Software Structure
– Gateway Control Protocol Engine
– Connection Manager
– Resource Manager
– C++ design on standard VxWorks environment

– Design Optimized for performance

Nortel Proprietary
Supplementary Services Module Software
• Responsibilities:
– Supplementary Gateway Services
• Local Announcements
• Signaling Backhaul to MGC
• Digit collection
• Signaling Termination
• Software/Hardware Structure
– Use existing SPM Hardware
– C++ design on standard VxWorks environment

– Design Optimized for performance

Nortel Proprietary
Voice Processor ModuleSoftware
– Voice Processing
– Compression
– Echo Cancellation
– Packetization
• Software/Hardware Structure
– Modular software
– Motorola 563xx assembler for efficiency and performance
– Own all the code: no royalties
– Can integrate independently developed voice processing
functions
• Codecs
• Fax demod

Nortel Proprietary
Backup: Features and
Technology Detail

Nortel Proprietary
Silence Suppression & Comfort Noise Generation
• Fast speech detect (no clipping, 5ms)
– Adaptive threshold based on measured background noise+ 4dB
– Speech hold-off delay 10ms to prevent clipping
– Speech hangover timer (provisionable 30 -500ms)
• Comfort noise
– Level indications to G.764
– Generate pseudo-random-noise with 1/f frequency response
– Comfort noise levels match measured background to within 2dB
– Perfectly matched with ECAN during NLP
– For noisy backgrounds, (provisionable -60 to -40dBmO) silence
suppression is automatically disabled
• Optimized for high bandwidth saving with toll quality
• Optional feature
– Enabled / Disabled / Enabled only during congestion

Nortel Proprietary
Silence Detection and Comfort Noise Generation
Overview
SAD
• The (silence activity detector) function takes frames from the input signal
samples, (uses a rolling 80/240 sample scheme) and forms the voice or
silence decision based on an adaptive threshold measured in dB from the
average background noise level of the frame.
• The algorithm migrates well to assembly code implementation, requiring
low processing power in terms of MIPS.
Comfort Noise Generator
• This is triggered by a message containing the measured background noise
level. This then generates background noise (Hoth) at the correct level
and duration.

Nortel Proprietary
SAD & CNG
• System Plots
Input
Speech
B/W
SAD saving
output
SAD out
with CNG
Key

Nortel Proprietary
SAD & CNG Summary
• SAD & CNG

– Low MIPs and simple to implement.
– Includes features such as a provisionable hangover time and disable
threshold.
– Has undergone rigorous objective and subjective testing (100s of man
hours) by the on site independent Voice Test Group.
– Comfort Noise generator uses Hoth noise.
• this is a more natural sounding noise than white of 1/f noise.
– Provides good B/W savings for typical applications.
– SAD operates over range -69 dBm0 up to -40 dBm0.
– SAD has very sensitive and fast attack for very low front end speech
clipping.
Nortel Proprietary
Fax Idle & Idle Channel Suppression
Fax Idle Suppression

• Gives > 50% Bandwidth saving on most Fax calls
• Once Fax/Modem call is detected, detection of 2100Hz signal level
below minimum allowed transmit level, causes insertion of Fax Idle
packets
• Can be enabled / disabled
Idle Channel Suppression

• Idle channel suppression through idle code detection.

Nortel Proprietary
Echo Cancellation
• Integrated ECAN fully G.164/G.165/G.168 compliant
– 32 ms (evolving to 64ms+) tail coverage PVG
– Optional feature -
• Always On,
• Always Off,
• On but cancelled if Modem/Fax 2100Hz Tone detected (G.164),
• On but cancelled if Modem/Fax 2100Hz Tone with phase reversal detected
(G.165)
– Adaptive Filter (27 dBm0)
– Non-linear Processor - centre clipper for residual echo suppression.
Comfort noise inserted (optional feature)
– Double-talk Detector - freezes adaptive filter to prevent divergence
– Pad (Loss of 0, 3, 6 dB) - for excessive strong echo
• Meets or exceeds industry benchmark in performance

and voice quality.

Nortel Proprietary
Voiceband Data Support
• 64 Kbps PCM
– all V.x voiceband modems and Group 3 Faxes
– Fax Idle Suppression (FIS)
• 32 Kbps ADPCM with ECAN on
– Low speed modems i.e., Bell 103, 202, 212
– Visa90, T3POS protocols (low delay)
• On detection of modem/fax tones (2100Hz with/without phase
reversals, encoding rate is switched to provisioned value
(64kbps G.711 or 32kbps G.726)
• On 3 second silence in both directions, channel reverses to
voice mode
• Clear channel data (eg for ISUP and other signalling) carried in
explicitly provisioned timeslots

Nortel Proprietary
Downspeeding/ Up speeding
• Normally loaded network => Low/no compression & no silence
silence suppression
• Heavily loaded network => compress more and suppress silences
• Any link where number_of_channels x standard coding rate > ATM
contract is a potential cause of congestion
• PVG measures egress congestion per VCC (both PCR (Peak Cell
Rate) and SCR (Sustained Cell Rate)) and responds by
– Enabling silence suppression if “only on congestion”
– Downspeeding voice calls (not done if clear channel data or voice band
data)
• Calls will be reduced to 32 kbps (or even 24kbps) for the duration
of congestion, then the calls will be upspeeded.
• Provisionable per E1
– Standard Encoding algorithm
– Minimum Encoding algorithm during congestion
– Silence suppression “on-congestion”
Nortel Proprietary
Congestion Managment
Exceed point
Congestion
Management Applied
(Downspeeding /SADon)
Max Threshold During Periods of Congestion
New Traffic Is Admitted

at the defined rate
# of cells
Transmitted per
If the ATM link is still congested
interval
after settling down new traffic is
admitted at lowest rate
Time
Congestion
re-checked after
Settling Down
Congestion
OK:Start Timer
Timerr Expires re-check
OK:Return to normal operation

Nortel Proprietary
Network bandwidth usage
1240kbps
1163kbps Signalling = 78kbps
Spare capacity
available for
UBR/ABR
traffic
64kbps G.711 32kbps G.726
0 15 number of active calls

30
• Silence suppression enabled but 0% acheived on active

channels
• No modem/fax/clear channel data

Nortel Proprietary
Packing Delays
Payload Size 10 Bytes 20 Bytes 30 Bytes 40 Bytes

PCM 64 Kbps 1.25 ms 2.5 ms 3.75 ms 5 ms
ADPCM 32 Kbps 2.5 ms 5 ms 7.5 ms 10 ms
ADPCM 24 Kbps 3.25 ms 6.25 ms 10 ms 13.25 ms
LD-CELP 16 Kbps 5 ms 10 ms 15 ms 20 ms
CS-ACELP 8 Kbps 10 ms 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms
Shows the packetization delays for four different payload packet

sizes as well five encoding algorithms.

Nortel Proprietary
VoAAL2 Traffic Management

Nortel Proprietary
Bandwidth Efficiency for Multiple
Services Single T1 ATM circuit
1536
85 kbit/ss end-to-end signaling
1280
Voice channels 287 kbit/s reserved for FR CIR
Bandwidth (kbps)
1024 Spare bandwidth
available for data
768
Fax/modem
512
Data circuits 256 Voice
0
12 18 24 32
• Assumptions Number of Peak Voice/Fax/Modem Channels
• Voice: 32K ADPCM w/ 50% silence suppression @3 ms delay

• 30% fax/modem calls (9.6 kbit/s fax demod. clear ch. modem)
• Data: frame relay w/ 256 kCIR
• Signaling = 85 kbit/s
Spare bandwidth for new revenue or cost savings
Nortel Proprietary
Traffic management
• Comprehensive Traffic Management is a key

feature of the PVG
– Ensure Quality of service for Voice and Data
• Dedicated bandwidth for Private Line traffic
• Toll Quality Voice
• Guaranteed bandwidth for data traffic
– Maintain efficiency to optimize bandwidth utilization
• Meet business case
• Provide customer value

Nortel Proprietary
Voice Traffic Management Overview
• Congestion Prevention
– Use CAC to enforce provisioned traffic profile envelope
• Provision:
- Total-number-of-channels
- Max-clear-channels
- Max-voice-band-data-channels:
• Call attempts which exceed provisioned values are rejected
• Congestion Management
– Use down-speeding to enforce provisioned PCR and SCR for voice traffic
• If Actual Source Rate > PCR or SCR down-speed voice traffic
- Actual source rate is measured
– PCR is measured over < 100ms
– SCR is measured over ~ 500ms
- Note: down-speeding against PCR is to avoid queue overflow or large PDV,
down-speeding against SCR is to guarantee Bandwidth for Frame
Relay.
- Simple guidelines are provided for PCR and SCR provisioning

Nortel Proprietary
DS1 Bandwidth Utilization
Link rate
3500
3000
Bandwidth cells/s
2500 congestion=OFF, SAD=OFF

congestion=OFF, SAD=ON
congestion=ON, SAD=ON
2000
1500
SCR
Configuration Variables
1000 max voice rate 32kbps
min voice rate 16kbps
500
vbd/cc rate 64kbps
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 step number
voice 2 4 6 6 6 8 10 12 12 12 14 16 18 18 18 18
vbd 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3
cc 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3

Nortel Proprietary
Service Class Mapping
CBR
Private High
Line Priority
Video
Voice Coder VBR_RT

Medium
Voice Priority T1 ATM
PBX
VBR_NRT
/UBR
Frame Low
Relay Priority
CPE
Router

Nortel Proprietary

Passport PVG and VSP4 Overview

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Passport PVG

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 1

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 2

Carrier Grade Voice + Carrier Grade Data ++

Dual 800 Mbit/s Cell Buses

G.7xx Voice on AAL2/IP on AAL5 PCM Voice on Structured AAL1 PVG

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 5

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 8

– ATM/Packet based interconnect

Private Line Network

TDM Voice Network

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 11

• Consolidates Voice onto common ATM service backbone

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 13

• Dynamic bandwidth allocation

• Variable packet fill delay

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 14

T1 Frame ATM AAL-2 Cells

• Implementation according to ATMF VTOA LLT Using AAL2

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 16

Enhanced Services & Further Compression

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 18

DMS 500 DMS 500

• Dynamic Call by Call Switching of Voice Calls

TDM Switch PVG2 TDM Switch

CreateCon (EP_ds0-1, ConMode= recvonly,SDP($$$))

Q.2931 SetUp (NSAP.PVG1, VCCI1) Start

ISUP ACM message

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 20

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 21

New. 2 Port T3/T3 TDM

Dual 800 Mbit/s Cell Buses

PDC PDC PDC

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 23

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 24

Access Comprehensive Portfolio of CPE Media

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 25

• 35K DS0 ports per Frame

• Succession Media Gateway

• GR 929, GR 1110, NEBS

• Versatility in Service Offerings Packet Voice Gateway

• VoIP and VoATM (AAL1 and AAL2) with interworking

Central Office Central Office

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 28

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 29

Central Office Central Office

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 30

Central Office POTS

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 31

Central Office Central Office

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 32

Central Office Central Office

STP Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 33

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 34

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 35

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 36

NT1 • UE9000 is a platform made to support a world which is in constant

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 39

Passport Packet Voice Gateway - 41

• Optimized for Compute intensive Carrier Applications

Packet Routing Routing

• Standard PP15K MPC106 Serial A