Carl Gustav Jung

The Father of Analytical Psychology

 Carl Jung

 Born July 26, 1875 in
Kessweil, Switzerland
 Began Psychological
studies in 1900
 Married Emma
Rauschenbusch in 1903
 After graduation,
worked at a psychiatric
hospital in Zurich
 Biography (Early life)
• Born on July 26, 1875 on Kesswil, Switzerland
Johann Paul Jung – Swiss Reformed Church Minister
Emilie Preiswerk Jung – daughter of a theologian
• He was born as the son of Paul Achilles Jung and Emilie
Preiswerk. He was their fourth but the only surviving
child. His father was a rural pastor.
• His mother was eccentric and suffered from depression.
She was a strange and mysterious woman who claimed
to be visited by spirits at night. He had a strained
relationship with her because of her mental problems.
• His strained relationship with his often absent, moody
and depressed mother shaped his attitude towards
women in general.
 Biography (Early Life)
• As a child he suffered from multiple personality
disorder and was convinced that had two
personalities—a modern Swiss citizen and the other
more in tune with eighteenth century.
• A classmate pushed him hard to the ground when
he was 12 years old. This resulted in his having
fainting spells whenever he tried to go to school. As
a result he stayed home for several months before
rejoining school.
• He enrolled at the University of Basel in 1895 to
study medicine and graduated in 1900.
 Biography
• In 1903 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Zurich.
His doctoral dissertation was titled ‘On the Psychology and
Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena’.
• He published ‘Studies in Word Association’ in 1906 and sent a
copy to the renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud. This
marked the beginning of a friendship that would last six years.
• Jung and Freud met for the first time in 1907—Freud was like a
father figure to the much younger Jung and would greatly
influence his formative years. Jung wrote ‘The Psychology of
Dementia Praecox’ the same year.
• He spent the decades of 1920s and 30s traveling all over the
world and delivering lectures. He visited London, U.S., East
Africa and India during his travels.
• He married Emma Rauschenbach in 1903. They had five
children. Even though he remained married to Emma till her
death, he had several affairs with other women, the most
notable of whom were Sabina Spielrein and Toni Wolff.
• He died in 1961 after a brief illness.
Carl Jung – Introduction

 He founded analytical  He proposed and
psychology. developed the concepts
of archetypes, collective
unconscious,
 He was a Swiss
individuation,
psychiatrist.
personality types
among other ideas.
ANALYTICAL
PSYCHOLOGY
The Overview
 Conscious
• Conscious images are those sensed by the ego
• Holds less importance than the unconscious
Ego as defined by Jung was the center of consciousness, but not the whole
personality of a person.
UNCONSCIOUS
• Personal Unconscious
Embraces all repressed, forgotten and/or subliminally perceived
experiences of a particular individual
Contains repressed memories below the consciousness.
Unique, obviously, but the concept isn’t (see Freud)
• Collective Unconscious
Ancestral past of the entire species “passed down” through generations
Consistent with all individuals
EXTREMELY INFLUENTIAL to a person’s psyche
Responsible for big dreams and mythical mumbo jumbo
This is the predisposition of creatures to react to a particular stimulus in a
natural manner regardless of conscious preferences
ARCHETYPES
The Collective Unconscious
 The Archetypes
• The archaic images derived from the collective
unconscious
• The universal pattern and images that are part of the
unconscious
• Originates from the repeated experiences of human
ancestors
• Personal experiences can activate an archetypical response
• Expressed through dreams, fantasies, delusions
• Certain dreams offered proof for the existence of archetypes, such as
those which contain symbols associated with ancient tribes
 Archetypes

 They are “seeds of self, sources of energy, available for an
individual’s growth into wholeness.” (Welsh)
 They are unconscious and cannot be known directly, but
experienced through symbols.
 Contents of collective unconscious—also called
dominents or images.
 An unlearned tendency to experience things a certain
way.
 “Every psychological expression is a symbol if we assume
it signifies more and other than itself.” (Jung)
 Each figure in our dream may relate to an aspect of
ourselves.
Examples of Archetypes
Family Archetypes:
The Father – Stern, Powerful, Controlling
The Mother – Feeding, Nurturing, Soothing
The Child – Birth, Beginnings, Salvation

Story Archetypes:
The Hero – Rescuer, Champion
The Maiden – Purity, Desire
The Wise Old Man – Knowledge, Guidance
The Magician – Mysterious and Powerful
The Witch or Sorceress - Dangerous
The Trickster – Deceiving and Hidden

Animal Archetypes:
The Faithful Dog – Unquestioning Loyalty
The Enduring Horse – Never Giving Up
The Devious Cat – Self Serving
Persona

 One’s public image – from
the Latin word, mask.
 A person puts this on
before showing oneself to
the outside world.
 Shadow

 An Archetype that represents the dark side of the
ego.
 The evil one is capable of – it is neither good or bad
of itself, but it is what one is capable of when
needed.
 Images could be snake, dragon, demon.
 Anima Animus
• as the unconscious • as the unconscious
feminine side of a masculine side of
man a woman
 Great Mother Archetype
 Everyone has a mother

 We are born wanting a mother.
 Images could be church, Mary, life at sea.
The mother influence enters into our own growth, our
move toward independence and mature love
Wise Old Man
• The Wise Old Man
archetype was
described as Carl Jung
as a person with great
judgment and wisdom.
The wise old man is
sometimes referred to
as the Sage.

• Wise Old Men allow

the main protagonist
to develop or to find
themselves and their
The Hero
• The hero symbolizes a man’s unconscious
self, and this manifests itself empirically
as the sum total of all archetypes and
therefore includes the archetype of the
father and of the wise old man. To that
extent the hero is his own father and his
own begetter. [Ibid., par. 516.]

• The hero’s main feat is to overcome the

monster of darkness: it is the long-hoped-
for and expected triumph of
consciousness over the unconscious.
[“The Psychology of the Child
Archetype,” CW 9i, par. 284.]
 Self

 The ultimate unity of the personality – symbol could be a
circle, cross, Mandala
 Mandela could be used in meditation, drawing one’s
focus back to the center.
 “My mandalas were cryptograms concerning the state of
the self which was presented to me anew each day…I
guarded them like precious pearls….It became
increasingly plain to me that the mandala is
the center. It is the exponent of
 all paths. It is the path to the center,
to individuation. ” - Carl Jung
 Other Archetypes

 Anima/Animus, which points to our contrasexual side.
 True Self, which can appear in dreams and visions in the guise of a
wise old man or woman, or a sun child and possibly in myths,
fairytales and the imagination through images such as prophet or
savior or in the form of a circle (mandala), square, or cross.
 There is not a fixed number of the many archetypes. Some
examples:
Symbol
Father guide, authority figure
Child children, small creatures
Hero ego
Trickster clown, magician
Dynamics of the Personality

 Causality and Teleology
• The use of this causal viewpoint as a blanket approach to
explaining behaviour, though, was not enough for Jung, he
also did not accept the viewpoint that human behaviour is
motivated solely by future goals and aspirations.

• He insisted that human behaviour is shaped by both causal

and teleological forces and that causal explanations must be
balanced with teleological one.
Dynamics of the Personality

 Progression and Regression
• Jung calls the forward movement which satisfies the
demands of the conscious, progression, the backward
movement, satisfying the demands of the unconscious,
regression.

• Progression is concerned with the active adaptation to one's

environment, and regression with the adaptation to one's
inner needs.
 Psychological Types

ATTITUDES
INTROVERSION EXTRAVERSION

• Subjective • Objective
• Biases, Fantasies, • Environment
Dreams, Individual influences
Perceptions
 THINKING

INTROVERSION EXTRAVERSION

• Internal meaning • Concrete thoughts

• Subjective and • Objective
Creative
• Mathematicians
• Inventors • Engineers
• Philosophers
 FEELING
INTROVERSION
 EXTRAVERSION

• Subjective • External Values

Perceptions • Objective data
• Individualized data • Accepted Standards
and conscience of Judgement
• Ignore traditional • Sociable
opinions
• Businessman
• Subjective Movie • Politicians
critics
• Art Appraisers
 SENSING

INTROVERSION EXTRAVERSION

• Subjective sensation • Perceive external

• Gives subjective stimuli objectively
interpretation to • Reality
objective
phenomena • Proofreader
• House painter
• Portrait Artists • Wine taster
• Classical Musicians • Popular Musicians
 INTUITING
INTROVERSION

EXTRAVERSION

• Unconscious • Perceive external

perception of facts world subliminally
(Subjective)
• May not clearly • Inventors
understand their own • Religious reformers
motivations

• Prophets
• Religious fanatics
 DEVELOPMENT OF
PERSONALITY
1. Childhood
- Focus on development of consciousness.
a. Anarchic
- small island of consciousness
b. Monoanarchic
- beginning of logical and verbal thinking
c. Dualistic
- the "I" and the "other"
 DEVELOPMENT OF
PERSONALITY
2. Youth
- Period of physical independence from parents
- Tendency to cling to childhood ways
- "Conservative principle"
- Period of increased activity
 DEVELOPMENT OF
PERSONALITY
3. Middle Life
- -Physical and cognitive decline
- Conservative principle is also present
- Different set of values and activities must be pursued
- Introversion and exploration of the unconscious should
be the new focus
- Self realization often begins.
 Self Realization

• Jung sought to understand the nature of the Self, and
spoke of Self-realization as the highest potential of
psychic life.
• This process of “coming to selfhood” means that a
person has all psychological components functioning in
unity with no psychic process atrophying.
• Jung realized that we are guided toward Self-realization
by the aims and instincts of the soul, as well as by
archetypes and symbols as they appear in spiritual
teachings, dreams, myth, art, and imagination.
 Jung’s Method of Investigation

Word Association Test
- Carl Jung created the word association test to unravel the
subconscious. Jung wanted to understand its manifestations
and find appropriate channels to analyse it. This would
further allow experts to understand it and, ultimately, to
bring those problems that hinder the patient’s freedom and
well-being to light.
Dream Analysis
- The basic idea behind Jungian dream theory is that dreams
reveal more than they conceal. They are a natural expression
of our imagination and use the most straightforward
language at our disposal: mythic narratives.
 Jung’s Method of Investigation

Active Imagination
- Active imagination is a process in Jungian psychology
used to bridge the gap between the conscious and
unconscious minds.
- During the process of active imagination, Jungian
analysts encourage clients to translate the contents of
dreams without adding any analysis from the conscious
mind.