Modeled radiances, update and summary

Brad Pierce (NOAA)

GEOCAPE Regional and Urban OSSE WG members

 Co-Leads: Brad Pierce (NOAA) and Vijay Natraj (JPL)

 Regional Nature run: Brad Pierce and Allen Lenzen (CIMSS)
 Forward modeling: Vijay Natraj, Susan Kulawit, (JPL)
 Urban Nature run: Ken Pickering and Chris Loughner (NASA/GSFC)
 Averaging Kernel regression development: Helen Worden (NCAR)

Additional contributions from Jerome Vidot (Meteo/France) and Eva Borbas

(UW-Madison/SSEC) who have provided the WG with the High Spectral
Resolution (HSR) IR emissivity and VIS reflectivity data bases for the OSSE
studies.

3rd TEMPO Science Team Meeting, May 27-28, 2015, University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville, AL
 GEOCAPE O3 OSSE Development
July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Period

•Generation of Regional and Urban nature atmosphere

•Development of surface reflectivity and emissivity data bases

•Conducting UV/VIS/IR forward radiative transfer calculations on a

representative subset of the profiles (14 representative urban and rural sites)

•Generation of multi-spectral (UV, VIS, IR) ozone retrievals from the subset of
nature atmosphere radiances

•Development of averaging kernel (AK) regressions based on the sub-set of the

nature atmosphere retrievals

•Generation of a full set of nature atmosphere retrievals using the AK regression

applied to the original nature atmosphere profiles.
Urban Nature Run (K. Pickering/C. Loughner) CMAQ run at 4 and
1.33 km horizontal resolution; chemical boundary conditions from
12km Regional Nature Run (B. Pierce/A. Lenzen)

12 km 4 km
Regional down
Nature scaling
Run
1.33 km
Urban
Nature
Run
 July 2011 Regional Nature Atmosphere:
1) Stratospheric temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles from the NCEP
Global Forecasting System (GFS)

2) Troposphere temperature, water vapor, and trace gas profiles from a nested
NAM-CMAQ air quality simulation that used GFS ozone and meteorology for
lateral boundary conditions.

3) Stratospheric and upper troposphere NO2, HCHO, SO2 and CO were obtained
from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS).

4) Aerosol extinction calculations used Community Modeling and Analysis System

(CMAS) AEROVIS software (humidity dependent aerosol mass to extinction
regressions based on measurements from IMPROVE network)
 Daily variation of ozone (ppbv, upper left) and aerosol extinction (km-1, upper right) for Atlanta, GA
during July, 2011. Mean Atlanta diurnal variation of ozone (ppbv) and aerosol (km-1) are shown in the lower
left and lower right, respectively.
Quantifying accuracy and representativeness of the
Regional Nature Run (M. Newchurch/L. Wang)

Correlation between model and EPA-

monitored surface ozone (July 2011)

July 2011 Regional Nature run captures the

variability of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere
(200-100mb) and boundary layer (1000-900mb)
ozone well but underestimates free tropospheric
(400-300mb) variance Correlation between model and
ozonesondes at Beltsville and Edgewood
 Hyperspectral surface reflectivity and emissivity data bases

1) UV (335–772 nm) Lambert equivalent reflectivity (LER) based on GOME based

surface reflectance [Koelemeijer, 2003]
1. 335.0 O3 (Huggins band)
2. 380.0 aerosol
3. 416.0 aerosol
4. 440.0 NO2
5. 463.0 O2–O2 (477 nm band)
6. 494.5 aerosol
7. 555.0 vegetation
8. 610.0 aerosol
9. 670.0 cloud detection
10. 758.0 O2 (A band)
11. 772.0 O2 (A band)
2) VIS-NIR (0.4-2.5 microns) based on MODIS BRDF hinge points developed for
RTTOV, valid up to 70 degrees solar zenith [version 11, Vidot and Borbas, 2014]
3) IR (700 to 2775 cm-1) emissivity from the UW-Madison Baseline Fit Emissivity
Database [Seemann et al, 2008]
4) The spectral gap (2775-4000 cm-1) between the VIS/NIR reflectance and IR
emissivity data bases is filled using dual regression fitting of spectra from the
ASTER spectral library [Baldridge et al, 2009].
 VLIDORT 2.6 forward modeling:
14 representative sites, every 3 days, every hour
1. 290-365nm (TEMPO O3-UV) 0.05nm resolution convolved to TEMPO 0.6nm FWHM
2. 540-650nm (TEMPO O3-VIS) 0.05nm resolution convolved to TEMPO 0.6nm FWHM
3. 980-1070nm (GEOCAPE TIR)

TEMPO O3-UV TEMPO O3-VIS

~ 8 hours per 15 hour day per location for O3 UV-VIS using 44 cpus
Diurnally resolved Multi-Spectral O3 Retrieval Results
(S. Kulawik/V. Natraj)
VIS
UV-VIS (nighttime)

Total
UV
UV-VIS-TIR
UV-TIR
TIR Diurnally resolved Degrees
VIS of Freedom of Signal

Troposphere
UV-VIS (DOFS) for different
UV
UV-VIS-TIR pressure ranges and
UV-TIR spectral combinations for
TIR
all GEOCAPE Regional
VIS OSSE sites (no VIS, UV, or
UV-VIS
UV/VIS retrievals between

0-2 km
UV
UV-VIS-TIR 02-09Z)
UV-TIR
TIR
Note UV/VIS has the same
VIS
UV-VIS
0-1 km spectral range and noise as
UV TEMPO.
UV-VIS-TIR
UV-TIR
TIR
 How does sensitivity vary with solar zenith angle, etc?

SZA T_surf

Tropos. col. O3

Helen Worden (NCAR)

 SVD & AK Multiple Regression (H. Worden)
• Parameters for multiple regression

Non-pressure dependent parameters:

Param. Mean Std.Dev. Min Max
SZA (°) 44.4 21.3 10.3 89.8
Albedo 0.094 0.075 0.014 0.357
IR emiss. 0.95 0.006 0.94 0.96
P_tpause (mb) 118.0 11.7 83.2 316.2
P_surface (mb) 992.3 21.2 940.9 1018.2
T_surface (K) 308.8 7.5 290.6 327.3
O3 total column 8.37 0.31 7.56 9.63
(1018 molecules/cm2)
O3 tropos. column 1.08 0.17 0.57 1.69
(1018 molecules/cm2)
Pressure dependent parameters
 SVD & Multiple Regression (MR) Trials
• UV-VIS-TIR case sensitivity characterization results
(a) SVD up to 681 hPa, 2 SVs retained
Good results for surface & lowermost troposphere
Use average AK above 681 hPa
 SVD & Multiple Regression (MR) Trials
• UV-VIS case sensitivity characterization results
(a) SVD up to 681 hPa, 2 SVs retained
Good results for surface & lowermost troposphere
Use average AK above 681 hPa
 GEOCAPE NO2 OSSE Development
July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Period

Forward modeling for full Regional and Urban Nature Run

domain

400-490nm (TEMPO NO2-UV)

0.05nm resolution convolved to TEMPO 0.6nm FWHM
We will be evaluating several approaches to perform the forward model radiance
and Jacobian calculations:

(1) Same code (VLIDORT 2.6) but in scalar mode (ignoring polarization),
(2) VLIDORT in conjunction with fast PCA-based approach - developed by Vijay
Natraj in collaboration with Rob Spurr
(3) Exact single scattering computation in conjunction with two-stream multiple
scattering
(4) Dutch KNMI doubling-adding code (DAK)
References

Baldridge, A. M., S.J. Hook, C.I. Grove and G. Rivera, 2009: The ASTER Spectral Library
Version 2.0. Remote Sensing of Environment, vol 113, pp. 711-715.

Koelemeijer, R. B. A., J. F. de Haan, and P. Stammes, 2003: A database of spectral surface

reflectivity in the range 335–772 nm derived from 5.5 years of GOME observations, J. Geophys.
Res., 108(D2), 4070, doi:10.1029/2002JD002429.

Vidot, J. and Borbas, E., 2014: Land surface VIS/NIR BRDF atlas for RTTOV-11: model and
validation against SEVIRI land SAF albedo product, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,
DOI:10.1002/qj.2288.

Clough, S. A., M. W. Shephard, E. J. Mlawer, J. S. Delamere, M. J. Iacono, K. Cady-Pereira, S.

Boukabara, and P. D. Brown, Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: a summary of the AER
codes, Short Communication, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 233-244, 2005.

Natraj, V., X. Liu, S. Kulawik, K. Chance, R. Chatfield, D.P. Edwards, A. Eldering, G.L. Francis, T.
Kurosu, K. Pickering, R. Spurr, and H.M. Worden, 2011: Multi-spectral sensitivity studies for the
retrieval of tropospheric and lowermost tropospheric ozone from simulated clear-sky GEO-CAPE
measurements. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 7151–7165, DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.014.