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Chapter 6
Nuclear and Extended Families
Family of orientation
– the family in which one is born and grows up,
Family of procreation
– formed when one marries and has children.
Claims made for the universality of the
nuclear family, based upon the universality of
marriage, do not hold up--the nuclear family
is widespread, but not universal.
Nuclear and Extended Families
(cont.)
Lineage
– a descent group who can demonstrate their
common descent from an apical ancestor.
Clan
– a descent group who claims common descent
from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it
(stipulated descent).
When a clan’s apical ancestor is nonhuman,
it is called a totem.
Lineages, Clans, and Residence
Rules
Unilocal Residence
– Patrilocality
marriedcouple lives with husband's family;
associated with patrilineal descent and is
more common than matrilocality.
– Matrilocality
marriedcouple lives with wife's family;
associated with matrilineal descent and is
less common than patrilocality.
Ambilineal Descent
Bilateral Kinship
– Used by most Americans and Canadians.
– Kinship is traced through both male and female
lines.
– Kin links through males and females are
perceived as being similar or equivalent.
– In North American bilateral kinship there is often
matrilineal skewing, a preference for relatives on
the mother's side.