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DEFECTS

0-D 1-D 2-D 3-D


POINT DEFECT LINE DEFECT PLANE DEFECT VOLUME DEFECT
Example: Example: Example:
Example: Example:
Example:
Point defects Dislocation Grain
GrainBoundaries
Boundary Poresinclusions
Voids, & Inclusions
and porous body
POINT DEFECT

NON- IMPURITY
STOICHIOMETRIC
STOICHIOMETRIC

VACANCY INTERSTITIAL SCHOTTKY FRENKEL METAL EXCESS METAL DEFICIENECY


ANIONIC VACANCY
Typically showed by Alkali halides. When crystals of Alkali halides are heated in
atmosphere of the Alkali Vapour, the Alkali atoms are deposited on surface of crystal.
The halide ions diffuse to surface of crystal
Combining with alkali resulting in release of
electrons. The released electrons diffuse into
the crystal and occupy anionic sites resulting
in decrease in the no of Halide atoms in crystal.

These anionic sites occupied by free electrons are referred to as:


Farbenzenter (F-centres).
F- CENTRES
The name comes from the German word Farbenzenter which
means colour centre. These centres impart colour to the
crystal by excitation of electrons after absorbing energy
from visible light etc. E.g.: Pink colour of LiCl crystal .
EXTRA CATION
Mostly it occurs due to presence of extra cations at
interstitial spaces and appropriate number of electrons in
other interstitial sites to check electrical neutrality.
In case of Zinc oxide, on heating it loses oxygen and
formation of electrons take place, extra Zinc and electrons
move to neighbouring interstitial space.
Detailed representation of
Zinc oxide extra Cation defect:
METAL DEFICIENCY
During crystallization, some of the metal ions with lower
oxidation state are replaced by higher oxidation state of
sane metal resulting in lowering in no of metal particles to
balance electrical neutrality.
E.g.: Fe2+ replaced by Fe3+ in FeO(Ferrous Oxide).
SPECIAL THANKS
CREDITS
INTRO

GAYATRI PATIL 18BME1128


NIKUNJ KUMAR 18BME1240
VOICEOVER

SIDDHANT SHARMA 18BME1255


AARON V. MATHEW 18BME1067
CINEMATOGRAPY

SAIRAJ MANE 18BME1185


CAST
KRISHANU BORAH SAIRAJ MANE NIKUNJ KUMAR
18BME1121 18BME1185 18BME1240
SANTOSH KUMAR B.ARVIND KUMAR SIDDHANT SHARMA
18BME1090 18BME1249 18BME1255
SUMIT SINGH RAJPUT MAYANK SHARMA SAI SRIKAR LANKA
18BME1153 18BME1231 18BME1169
GAYTRI PATIL SHREYA A.TRIPATHI
18BME1128 18BME1159
ARTWORKS

KRISHANU BORAH
18BME1121
MUSIC

HARSHIT SINGH 18BME1271


EDITING

NIBAN HENDRIX 18BME1241


K.S.SAJAL 18BME1119

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