MEL713 – DESIGN OF I.C.

ENGINES: COMPONENTS &

SUB-SYSTEMS

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

Laboratory & Design Practicals …..

 Engine Design and Operating Parameters

• Thermodynamic Parameters
– Define indicated, brake, and friction quantities.
– Define net and gross quantities
– Calculate sfc, AF, vol. eff. and engine efficiency
– Correct performance data for atmospheric conditions.
• Geometric & Kinematic Parameters.
– Define and use the different rated conditions
– Calculate engine volume, piston speed, and cylinder
surface area as a function of crank angle
– Draw a cylinder schematic and identify the bore, stroke,
crank radius, TDC, BDC, and crank angle
 List of Laboratory Experiments
• Study of Anatomy of A Single Cylinder Diesel Engine.
• Study of Anatomy of A Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine.
• Disassembly and assembly of A single cylinder Diesel Engine.
• Measurement of Valve Timing of A Single Cylinder Diesel
Engine.
• Performance study of Single cylinder Diesel Engine.
• Performance study of Multi cylinder Diesel Engine.
• Performance study & Morse Testing of Multi cylinder (MPFI)
Gasoline Engine.
• Performance study of Dual Fuel Engine.
• Measurement of p-q diagram on a diesel engine.
• Measurement of coefficient of discharge of Valve as function of
valve lift.
Division of Sub Groups : Allocation of Experiments
Simplified View of An Engine
Anatomy of A Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Lubrication Networking
 Exhaust Valve : Operation Schedule

Pcyl

Patm
 Inlet Valve : Operation Schedule

Pcyl
Patm
Valve Actuation Diagram
Cold Period of Operation Hot Period of Operatio
Geometry of Flow Passage through Valves
Geometry of Valve
Stages of Valve Lifting
 Instantaneous Valve Events

• For low lift valves, the minimum flow

area corresponds to a frustum of right
circular cone.
• The conical face between valve and
seat is, perpendicular to the seat,
defines the flow area.

w
 Lv  0
sin   cos 

The minimum area is:

 Lv 
Am  Lv cos   Dv  2w  sin 2 
 2 
• For the second stage, the minimum area is
still the slant surface of a frustum of a right
circular cone.
• However, this surface is not perpendicular
to the valve seat.
• The base angle of the cone increases from
(900-) toward that of a cylinder.
• For this stage:

 D p2  Ds2   w
   w 2
  w tan   L 
 v
sin   cos 
 4 Dm  


Am  Dm Lv  w tan  )  w
2

2 1/ 2

Dm is mean diameter of seat : Dm  Dv  w

•When the valve lift is sufficiently
large, the minimum flow area is
no longer between the valve head
and seat.
•It is the port area minus the
sectional area of the valve stem.

1/ 2
 D  D
2 2
 
Lv   w   w tan 
p s 2
 
 4 Dm  

Then,

Am 
4
D 2
p D 2
s )
Valve Lift Curves
 Frictional Compressible Flow Through Inlet Valve
• The real gas flow effects are included by means of an experimentally
determined discharge coefficient CD.
• The air flow rate is related to the upstream stagnation pressure p0 and
stagnation temperature T0, Static pressure just down stream of the valve
and a reference area AR.
• AR is a characteristic of the valve design.

1 1
 CD AR pinlet  pcyl    2  pcyl   2
m 
1/ 2 
  1  
RTinlet )  pinlet    1  p0  

When the flow is chocked:

 1
 CD AR pinlet 1/ 2  2  2  1)
m   

RTinlet )1/ 2
   1 
 
m f ,act
Discharge Coefficient:
Cd  
m f ,ideal

The value of CD and the choice of reference area AR are linked together.

The product CD . AR is the effective flow area of the valve assembly, AE.

In general valve head area or port area or curtain area are used as reference areas.
 INLET VALVES

1
2 3
EXHAUST VALVES