Cathodic Protection

Presentation

Kemal Gibran
Senior Corrosion Engineer
Trainer Profile
Name : Kemal Gibran, ST.MT
Position : Senior Corrosion Engineer
Education : Master Degree of Corrosion Control
Engineering-UI
Certification : NACE Cathodic Protection Level 2
(International License)
Experience : 8 years for Corrosion and CP solving
problem in Oil and Gas Industry
Dasar-Dasar Korosi
Apa itu Korosi?
Korosi:
Kerusakan / degradasi pada material dikarenakan
bereaksi terhadap lingkungannya

Parameter lingkungan yang

mempengaruhi laju korosi:
• Kondisi lingkungan laut
• Suhu
• Ph (keasaman)
• Kandungan garam

Sumber : ASM Vol 11 4

Proses Korosi
Consider iron corroding in a dilute aerated
- Anode neutral electrolytesolution, the respective
anode and cathode reactions are
- Cathode Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- …(1)
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- → 4OH- …(2)
- Electrolyte
- Metallic Path

5
Syarat Terjadinya Korosi

ANODA : terkorosi
K e

e
: terjadi oksidasi
e : arus keluar logam
e

KATODA : tidak korosi

: terjadi reduksi
A
: arus masuk logam

6
Galvanic Series
Metoda Pengendalian Korosi

 Mengisolasi salah satu komponen korosi (ex.

coating, wrapping)
 Meniadakan stratifikasi potensial pada permukaan
logam (Cathodic Protection (SACP, ICCP) dan
pemilihan material
 Membuat lingkungan menjadi kurang korosif

Based on NACE standard RPO169-2002,

8
Cathodic Protection
1.Impressed
Current

2.Galvanic
Sacrificial Anode
-Section 6 of NACE Standard RP-01-69
-Deny Jones :Principles and prevention of
corrosion
Sacrificial Anode
COMMONLY ANODE USED

Test box 1.Magnesium→ (soil environment with

High Resistivity)
2.Zinc→ (soil environment with low
resistivity, river)
3.Aluminium→ (sea water environment)

1. Anodes: Consumable
2. Test Box
3. Cabling system
4. Cadweld
Anoda

Cadweld Kabel
 IMPRESSED CURRENT
TR
NJB AJB

Kabel
1. Anodes: semi-inert, inert?
2. TR
3. Cables
4. Junction box
Anoda
5. Bonding box,
6. Test box
Test Point
Reff cell ditaruh di dekat struktur
yang akan di proteksi sebaga
Test box referensi pembacaan yang akurat

1. Reff Cell
2. Test Box
3. Cabling system
4. Cadweld
Reff Cell

Cadweld Kabel
DEEPWEEL GROUNDBED
Where soil
resistivity at
the surface are
very high,
SHALLOW GROUNDBED

Sometimes due to unfavorable soil conditions

shallow horizontal groundbeds are preferred.
 Transformer Rectifier

Junction Box
Test Point
Algorithm
 HITUNG LUAS PERMUKAAN STRUKTUR
 TENTUKAN KEPERLUAN ARUS PROTEKSI
 TENTUKAN JENIS DAN UKURAN ANODA
 HITUNG TOTAL TAHANAN
 HITUNG SPESIFIKASI TR
 Luas Permukaan
- The following formula is used to calculate
pipeline surface areas:

A = (π) (d) (l)

Where: A = Area (m2)

π = 3.1416
d = Pipeline diameter (m)
l = Pipeline length (m)

-Section 6 of NACE Standard RP-01-69

20
 Kebutuhan Arus
- The following formula used to estimate the CP
current requirements for pipelines:

It = (A) (Id) (Cb)

1000

Where: lt = Total CP current (amp)

A = Surface area of pipeline (m2)
Id = Current density (mA/m2)
Cb = Coating breakdown (%)

-Section 6 of NACE Standard RP-01-69

21
 Total Tahanan
- The followings calculations (Dwight) typically
used to determine the approximate resistance to
earth for a surface anode groundbed:

Where: Rv = Resistance of anode to earth(Ohm)

ρ = Soil resistivity (Ohm-cm)
L = Active length of backfill column (cm)
d = Diameter of backfill column (cm)

-Section 6 of NACE Standard RP-01-69

22
Rating Transformer Rectifier

Vt = It x Rt
Where :
• Vt = DC Output Voltage Current (V)
• It = Total Current Required (154.3 A)
• RT = Total Circuit Resistance (0.1535 ohm)
BASIC DATA
I. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM

8”
90 km

According to the length of pipeline : Impressed Current

Cathodic Protection System with Deepwell Groundbed is
suggested choice.
Benefit of Deepwell Groundbed – ICCP System :
 Installation Cost : Less Expensive
 Higher Emission of current.
 Lower Soil Resistivity  Lower Voltage
CP Design for 90 km pipeline

Design Parameter
 Design life  20 years
 Operating Temperature  33 Celcius
 Coating breakdown  3% (3 layer
poliethilene for 20 years)
 Current density  20 mA/m2
 Current Required
Calculation
 Surface area calculation
SA = PI() x OD x L
= PI() x 0.219 x 90000
= 61,910.60 m2

 Current Required (with 25% safety factor)

It = SA x Cd x Cb x (1+25%)
= 61,910.60 x 0.02 x 3% x (1.25)
= 65.006 Ampere
Anode and Ground Bed
Quantity
 Anode current output will be 8.01 A.
 Quantity of Anode needed
Nan = 65.006 / 8.01
= 9 ea
 With TR current rating:
ITR = 8.01 x 9
= 72.09 A
Beside Current attenuation calculation,
each groundbed only could cover 36 km.
 Three groundbed recomended to be
installed, which is 3 ICCP system that
located in the both end of structure, and
middle of structure
 The ground bed will have 20 m depth
with 10 m of active length and 10 m
inactive length.
Transformer Rectifier (TR)
Rating
Each ICCP ground bed will be consists of 3 anodes
 Each ground bed will be energized by 1 TR
 3 deep well ground bed will be energized by 3 TR
 Current output each ground bed
Igb = 8.01 x 3
= 24.3
 TR current rating:
ITR = 9 x 8.01
= 72.9 A
≈ 80 A
 DESIGN CP SYSTEM
I. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF GROUNDBED SYSTEMS

ICCP 1 ICCP 2 ICCP 3

TR 1 TR-2 TR-3

8” 8”

36 km 36
km

3 anode of MMO
3 Anode of MMO

3 Anode of MMO
 Stand Alone / As Per Line Survey
TR 2

Pipa 2

OFF

TR 1
POTENTIAL/PH Diagrams

Di construct melalui
perhitungan Nernst dengan
reaksi seperti di bawah

Diagram Pourbaix untuk Kesetabilan fasa Oxigen

,Air, dan Hidrogen
Field Case