Lesson 2:

NATURE OF
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
 MEANS SEARCHING FOR THEORY,
TESTING A THEORY OR SOLVING A
PROBLEM.
 COMES FROM TWO WORDS, RE AND
SEARCH, WHICH IMPLIES THAT TOPICS
ARE NOT NEW OR THAT SUCH TOPICS
HAVE NOT BEEN DISCUSSED BEFORE.
Research is a process of executing
various mental act for discovering and
examining facts and information to prove
the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims
or conclusions about the topic of your
research..
CHARACTERISTICS
OF RESEARCH
ACCURACY
It must give correct or accurate data,
which the footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should honestly
and appropriately documented or
acknowledges.
OBJECTIVENESS
It must deal with facts, not with
mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.
TIMELINESS

It must work on a topic that is

fresh, new, and interesting to the
present society.
RELEVANCE

Its topic must be instrumental in

improving society or in solving
problems affecting the lives of
people in a community.
CLARITY
It must succeed in expressing
its central point or discoveries
by using simple, direct,
concise, and correct language.
SYSTEMATIC
It must take place in an organized or
orderly manner.
PURPOSES
OF
RESEARCH
To learn how to work independently
To learn how to work scientifically or
systematically
To have an in-depth knowledge of
something
 To elevate your mental abilities by
letting you think in higher-order
thinking strategies (HOTS) of inferring,
evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating,
applying, and creating.
 To improve your reading and writing
skills
To be familiar with the basic rules or
research and the various techniques
of gathering data and of presenting
research findings
To free yourself, to a certain extent,
from the domination or strong
influence of a single textbook or of
the professor’s lone viewpoint or
spoon feeding.
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
This type of research aims to increase
your knowledge about something.
However, if your intention is to apply
your chosen research to societal problems
or issues, finding ways to make positive
changes in society, you
call your research, applied research.
Based on Purpose of the
Research
Depending on your objective or goal in
conducting research, you do any of this
types of research: descriptive,
correlational, explanatory,
exploratory, or action.
Descriptive Research
This type of research aims at
defining or giving a verbal portrayal or
picture of a person, thing, event, group,
situation, etc.
Correlational Research
A correlational research shows
relationships or connectedness of two
factors, circumstances, or agents called
variables that affect the research
Explanatory Research
This type of research elaborates or
explains not just the reasons behind the
relationship of factors, but also the ways by
which such relationship exists.
Exploratory Research
An exploratory research’s
purpose is to find out how reasonable
or possible it is to conduct a research
study an a certain topic
Action Research
This type of research studies an
ongoing practice of a school, organization,
community, or institution for the purpose
of obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system.
Based on Types of Data
Needed
The kind of data you want on
reflects whether you wish to do a
quantitative or a qualitative
research.
Qualitative research requires non-numerical
data, which means that the research uses words
rather than numbers to express results, the
inquiry, or investigation about people’s
thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles
regarding the object of the study.
Quantitative research involves
measurements of data. Thus, it presents
research findings referring to the
number or frequency of something in
numerical forms.
APPROACHES TO
RESEARCH
Scientific or positive approach, in which
you discover and measure information as
well as observe and control variables in an
impersonal manner. It allows control of
variables.
Naturalistic approach. In contrast to the
scientific approach that uses numbers to
express data, the naturalistic approach uses
words. This research approach directs you
to deal with a qualitative data that speak of
how people behave their surroundings.
Triangulation approach. You are free to
gather and analyze data using multiple
methods, allowing you to combine or mix
up research approaches, research, types,
data gathering, and data analysis techniques.