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make tentative
explanation of
facts about a
particular
phenomenon
by formulating
hypothesis.
HYPOTHESIS
CORRECT INCORRECT
INFORMATION
VALIDATION
Sample AND OF
EVIDENCES HYPOTHESIS
DECISION
STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS
An assertion, statement, or conjecture about one or
more unknown parameters or the distributional
properties of the population under investigation
STATISTICAL TEST
TRUE FALSE
HYPOTHESIS
ACCEPT REJECT
TWO TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
NULL ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS
Denoted by H0, is the Denoted by Ha, (H1), is a
statement being tested. It contrasting statement
is either a statement of believed to be true whenever
equality, no difference, no the null hypothesis is rejected.
change, no relationship, or
It is the opposite or negation
no effect.
of the null hypothesis. It is a
statement that there exists a
difference between a
parameter and a specific
value.
EXAMPLES
CLAIM: The average monthly income of Filipino families
who belong to low income bracket is Php 8000.
H0: The average monthly income of Filipino families who belong
to low income bracket is Php 8000. (μ= 8000)
Ha: The average weight loss for a sample of people who exercise 30 min
per day for 6 weeks is less than 3.7, than is,μ< 3.7 kg.
TYPES OF ALTERNATIVE
HYPOTHESIS
NON - DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL
DIRECTIONAL
Ha: The average life spans of light bulbs manufactured by companies A
and B are different, that is,μA≠ μB.
NON - DIRECTIONAL
Ha: The average weight loss for a sample of people who exercise 30 min
per day for 6 weeks is less than 3.7, than is,μ< 3.7 kg.
DIRECTIONAL
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
Is a statistical tool use to decide whether or not
to reject a statistical hypothesis
ONE – TAILED
EXAMPLES
From the previous examples, determine if the test will be
one – tailed or two - tailed.
Ha: The average life spans of light bulbs manufactured by companies A
and B are different, that is,μA≠ μB.
TWO - TAILED
EXAMPLES
From the previous examples, determine if the test will be
one – tailed or two - tailed.
Ha: The average weight loss for a sample of people who exercise 30 min
per day for 6 weeks is less than 3.7, than is,μ< 3.7 kg.
ONE – TAILED
TYPES OF ERROR
TYPE I ERROR TYPE II ERROR
Occurs when we reject the Occurs when we accept the
null hypothesis when it is true. null hypothesis when it is
It is also called α error. false. It is also called βerror.
DECISION ABOUT H0
REJECT ACCEPT
R
E H0 IS TRUE TYPE I ERROR CORRECT
A DECISION
L
I
H0 IS FALSE CORRECT TYPE II ERROR
T
DECISION
Y
EXAMPLES
Formulate the null hypothesis and alternative hypotheses.
Identify the situations when Type I and Type II errors are
committed and state their possible consequences.
Decision Rule
Conditions that would lead to either the rejection or the
non-rejection of H0
NOTE!!!
The decision to reject the null hypothesis or not is based
on the information provided by the sample.
MEAN VS PROPORTION
p̂ - p0
Z =
p0 q0
n
STEPS IN THE TRADITIONAL
METHOD OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
STEP 6: State the decision rule for rejecting
or not rejecting the null hypothesis.