Lines

& Angles
 Geometrical Terms
An exact location on a plane is
Point called a point.

A straight path on a plane,

Line extending in both directions
with no endpoints, is called a
line.

A part of a line that has two

Line endpoints and thus has a
segment definite length is called a line
segment.

A line segment extended

indefinitely in one direction
Ray is called a ray.
LINE: A straight path extending in both directions with no
endpoints

LINE SEGMENT: A part of a line that includes two

points, called endpoints, and all the points between
them

RAY: A part of a line, with one endpoint, that continues

without end in one direction
INTERSECTING LINES: Lines that cross

PARALLEL LINES: Lines that never cross and are always

the same distance apart
 What Is an Angle ?
When two non-collinear rays join with a common endpoint
(origin) an angle is formed.
Ray BA
A

Common B
endpoint

B C
Ray BC
Common endpoint is called the vertex of the angle. B is the
vertex of ABC.
Ray BA and BC are two non-collinear rays

Ray BA and ray BC are called the arms of ABC.

 Naming an Angle
To name an angle, we name any point on one ray, then the
vertex, and then any point on the other ray.

B
C
For example: ABC or CBA

We may also name this angle only by the single letter of the
vertex, for example B.
 Interior and Exterior of an Angle
An angle divides the points on the plane into three regions:

A •Points lying on the angle

P (An angle)
X
R •Points within the angle
F (Its interior portion. )
B
T C •Points outside the angle
(Its exterior portion. )
Right Angle: Acute Angle: Obtuse Angle:
An angle that forms a An angle less An angle greater
square corner than a right angle
than a right angle
 Congruent Angles
Two angles that have the same measure are called congruent
angles.

A D

B
300
E 300

C F

Congruent angles have the same size and shape.

 Pairs of Angles : Types

• Adjacent angles

• Vertically opposite angles

• Complimentary angles

• Supplementary angles

• Linear pairs of angles

 Adjacent Angles
Two angles that have a common vertex and a common ray
are called adjacent angles.

A
A C
D
B Common ray
D

B
E C
F Common vertex

Adjacent Angles ABD and DBC

ABC and DEF are not adjacent angles
Adjacent angles do not overlap each other.
 Vertically Opposite Angles
Vertically opposite angles are pairs of angles formed by two
lines intersecting at a point.

A C
APC = BPD
P
APB = CPD
B D

Four angles are formed at the point of intersection.

Vertically opposite angles are congruent.
Point of intersection ‘P’ is the common vertex of the four
angles.
 Complimentary Angles
If the sum of two angles is 900, then they are called
complimentary angles.

A
D

600 300
E
B F
C
ABC and DEF are complimentary because
ABC + DEF
600 + 300 = 900
 Supplementary Angles
If the sum of two angles is 1800 then they are called
supplementary angles.

A
P

1000 800
Q R B
C
PQR and ABC are supplementary, because
PQR + ABC
1000 + 800 = 1800
 Linear Pair of Angles
Two adjacent supplementary angles are called linear pair
of angles.

600 1200

C P D

APC + APD
600 + 1200 = 1800
Pairs of Angles Formed by a Transversal
A line that intersects two or more lines at different points is
called a transversal.
Eight angles are Line L (transversal)
G
formed in all by
the transversal L.
P Line M
A B
Line L intersects line
M and line N at point Line N
C Q
P and Q. D
F
Line M and line N are parallel lines.
Four angles are formed at point P and another four at point
Q by the transversal L.
Pairs of Angles Formed by a Transversal

• Corresponding angles

• Alternate angles

• Interior angles
 Corresponding Angles
When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, pairs of
corresponding angles are formed.
L
G
Line L
GPB = PQE

A P B
Line M GPA = PQD
BPQ = EQF
Line N
D Q E
APQ = DQF
F

Four pairs of corresponding angles are formed.

Corresponding pairs of angles are congruent.

 Alternate Angles
Alternate angles are formed on opposite sides of the
transversal and at different intersecting points.

L Line L
G

P Line M BPQ = DQP

A B
APQ = EQP
Line N
D Q E
F
Two pairs of alternate angles are formed.
Pairs of alternate angles are congruent.
 Interior Angles
The angles that lie in the area between the two parallel lines
that are cut by a transversal, are called interior angles.

L Line L
G
Line M BPQ + EQP = 1800
A 120 0P 600 B
600 1200
Line N APQ + DQP = 1800
D Q E
F
The measures of interior angles in each pair add up to 1800.
A pair of interior angles lie on the same side of the
transversal.