By: Doryl Sequena Cabiao

FORM
+ I had finished my work.

+ You had stopped before me.

- She had not gone to school.

- We had not left.

? What had they discovered?

? Had they eaten dinner?

 Past Perfect Tense

• expresses action in the past before another

action in the past  past in the past.

EXAMPLE :
• The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am.
 When we arrived, the train had (already)
left.
 Sequence of events

Past Perfect Simple Timeline

FIRST ACTION SECOND ACTION

 Examples:

had received it hit

had written my friend stopped by

The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the

iceberg.
I had already written my report when my friend stopped
by to visit.
 USE:

• To talk about a past action that ended before another action or

time in the past, we use before and after & simple past.

The lecutre had started before we arrived

• We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action.
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before.

• With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by

the time, by and until

By the time I got home, my brother had already left.

 The key words of Past Perfect

After
{Past Perfect}, Past Simple
As soon as
Before
{Past Simple}, Past
By the time
Perfect
 AFTER vs. BEFORE:

After he had finished

the meeting , he made a
telephone call.
OR

Before he made a telephone

call , he had finished the
meeting.
 Forgot, remembered, realized
With forgot, remembered, knew, we use past
perfect to describe the past events that
happened before the moment we forgot,
remembered, or realized something.

When I started driving, I remembered

I had turned on the heater at home.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM
+ I had been driving

+ You had studying

- She had not been exercising

- We had not been cooking

? What had they been doing?

? Had they been playing?

 Used in past tense narrative, to describe a
continuing action in a period of time before
something else happened.

Example: I had been learning Spanish for 2 years

when I went to live in Madrid.

To explain a past situation, by describing the

events happening before.

Example: Suleiman was so tired when he arrived.

He had been driving for 12 hours.
Suleiman was so tired when he arrived. He had been driving for 12 hours.

1: driving

2: Suleiman arrived

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me
early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) ____________ to
get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By
the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to
meet, I (have) ______________ five cups of coffee and I (wait)
_____________ over an hour. I had to leave because I
(arrange) __________ to meet Kathy in front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already)

________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the
entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) for more than
half an hour. She said she (give, almost) ___________ up and
(go) _____ into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) ___________ late several times in the

past and that she would not make plans with you again in the
future. She mentioned that she (miss) ___________ several
movies because of your late arrivals.
I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me
early because the show started at 8:00. I had been trying to get
tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the
time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to
meet, I had had five cups of coffee and I had been waiting over
an hour. I had to leave because I had arranged to meet Kathy in
front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy had already picked up the

tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was
really angry because she had been waiting for more than half an
hour. She said she had almost given up and had gone into the
theater without us.

Kathy told me you had been late several times in the past and
that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She
mentioned that she had missed several movies because of your
late arrivals.